Hemodynamics

Question 1

When thinking about preload you should think about:

Answer 1

-Stretch
-Volume

Question 2

Inotropic is related to:

Answer 2

contraction

Question 3

When thinking about afterload you should think about:

Answer 3

-resistance
-vasoconstriction

Question 4

if someone has COPD what side would they develop heart failure?

Answer 4

right
-preload
-periphreal edema

Question 5

what are some s/sX for right sided heart failure?

Answer 5

JVD
peripheral edema
weight gain

Question 6

what are some s/sx of left sided heart failure

Answer 6

SOB
cough, pink frothy sputum
nocturnal dyspnea
orothopnea
tachypnea
crackles in the lungs

Question 7

If someone has HTN what side would they develop heart failure?

Answer 7

left
-afterload
-systemic edema
-pulmonary

Question 8

stenosis of the mitral valve leads to a problem of what?

Answer 8

the afterload of the left atrium

Question 9

regurgitation of the pulmonic valve leads to a problem of what?

Answer 9

the preload of the right ventricle

Question 10

s1 represents what?

Answer 10

systole
-mitral and tricuspid

Question 11

s2 represents what?

Answer 11

diastole
-pulmonic and aortic
-ventricles fill

Question 12

how does preload increase as an compensatory mechanisms?

Answer 12

aldosterone (increase water and na)
ADH

Question 13

how does afterload increase as an compensatory mechanisms?

Answer 13

RASS system
angiotensin II
Alpha-1 receptors
(vasoconstriction or dilation)

Question 14

Alpha-1 does what sympathetically?

Answer 14

vasoconstrictor

Question 15

how can the body decrease help preload?

Answer 15

natriuretic peptides

Question 16

what would you give to treat A fib with rapid ventricular response and what are some drug names?

Answer 16

ca channel blockers
-verapamil
-diltiazem

Question 16

what do natriuretic peptides do?

Answer 16

decrease the preload
-inhibits aldosterone and ADH
-released from the brain

Question 17

chronotropic

Answer 17

is related to heart rate

Question 18

an example of negative chronotropic medication is?

Answer 18

digoxin (lowers HR)

Question 19

an example of negative chronotropic and negatiive inotropic medication is?

Answer 19

ca channel blockers
-decrease HR
-decrease contraction

Question 20

Ca does what 3 things?

Answer 20

1. increase HR
2. increase contractility
3. causes vasoconstriction

Question 21

CCB’s do what 3 things?

Answer 21

1. decrease HR
2. decrease contractility
3. causes vasodilation

Question 22

non-dihydropyridine causes what best?

Answer 22

decrease AV node conduction (decrease HR)

Question 23

dihydropyridines causes what best?

Answer 23

vasodilation

Question 24

when taking dihydropyridines you should watch for what?

Answer 24

decreased HR
decreased contracility (decrease bp)

Question 25

when taking non-dihydropyridines you should watch for what?

Answer 25

decreased contractility (low bp)
vasodilation

Question 26

medications that end in -pine cause what and are what class

Answer 26

dihydropyridines
-vasodilation
CCB

Question 27

what two meds decrease the HR? what class are they?

Answer 27

non-dihydropyridines
-verapamil
-diltiazem

Question 28

what would prevent you from giving a CCB?

Answer 28

-heart block
-low bp less than 90
-hr less than 60

Question 29

nimodopine is only used for what?

Answer 29

This drug is used only for cerebral arterial aneurysms
-prevent vasospasms

Question 30

na nitroprusside what is the positive and negative?

Answer 30

-negative: expensive, cyanide poising
-pos: Extremely potent/effective vasodilator. Fastest acting antihypertensive agent.

Question 31

what is the onset for na nitroprusside? what is it used for?

Answer 31

The drug of choice for hypertensive emergencies.
Onset 30-60 seconds, immediate

Question 32

hydralazine can cause what symptom?

Answer 32

systemic lupus response (DC this med)
-can take 6 months for s/sx to go away

Question 33

what is the fastest acting ccb?

Answer 33

Clevidipine
-dihydropyridine

Question 34

aldosterone effects:

Answer 34

preload

Question 35

angiotensin effects:

Answer 35

-afterload (vasoconstriction)

Question 36

ACE inhibitors all end in what?

Answer 36

-pril

Question 37

potential problems with ACE inhibitors?

Answer 37

-hyperkalemia
-cough
-first dose hypotension
-angioedema

Question 38

what should you check before administering an ARB and ACE inhibitor?

Answer 38

-potassium
-bp

Question 39

ARB’s all end in what?

Answer 39

-rtan

Question 40

b1, b2, A1, A2, receptors relate to what?

Answer 40

b1-heart
b2-lungs
a1-vasoconstrictor
a2-vasodilator

Question 41

beta blockers all end in what?

Answer 41

-olol