Hemodynamics Flashcards

1
Q

When thinking about preload you should think about:

A

-Stretch
-Volume

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2
Q

Inotropic is related to:

A

contraction

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3
Q

When thinking about afterload you should think about:

A

-resistance
-vasoconstriction

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4
Q

if someone has COPD what side would they develop heart failure?

A

right
-preload
-periphreal edema

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5
Q

what are some s/sX for right sided heart failure?

A

JVD
peripheral edema
weight gain

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6
Q

what are some s/sx of left sided heart failure

A

SOB
cough, pink frothy sputum
nocturnal dyspnea
orothopnea
tachypnea
crackles in the lungs

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7
Q

If someone has HTN what side would they develop heart failure?

A

left
-afterload
-systemic edema
-pulmonary

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8
Q

stenosis of the mitral valve leads to a problem of what?

A

the afterload of the left atrium

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9
Q

regurgitation of the pulmonic valve leads to a problem of what?

A

the preload of the right ventricle

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10
Q

s1 represents what?

A

systole
-mitral and tricuspid

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11
Q

s2 represents what?

A

diastole
-pulmonic and aortic
-ventricles fill

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12
Q

how does preload increase as an compensatory mechanisms?

A

aldosterone (increase water and na)
ADH

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13
Q

how does afterload increase as an compensatory mechanisms?

A

RASS system
angiotensin II
Alpha-1 receptors
(vasoconstriction or dilation)

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14
Q

Alpha-1 does what sympathetically?

A

vasoconstrictor

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15
Q

how can the body decrease help preload?

A

natriuretic peptides

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16
Q

what would you give to treat A fib with rapid ventricular response and what are some drug names?

A

ca channel blockers
-verapamil
-diltiazem

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16
Q

what do natriuretic peptides do?

A

decrease the preload
-inhibits aldosterone and ADH
-released from the brain

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17
Q

chronotropic

A

is related to heart rate

18
Q

an example of negative chronotropic medication is?

A

digoxin (lowers HR)

19
Q

an example of negative chronotropic and negatiive inotropic medication is?

A

ca channel blockers
-decrease HR
-decrease contraction

20
Q

Ca does what 3 things?

A
  1. increase HR
  2. increase contractility
  3. causes vasoconstriction
21
Q

CCB’s do what 3 things?

A
  1. decrease HR
  2. decrease contractility
  3. causes vasodilation
22
Q

non-dihydropyridine causes what best?

A

decrease AV node conduction (decrease HR)

23
Q

dihydropyridines causes what best?

A

vasodilation

24
when taking dihydropyridines you should watch for what?
decreased HR decreased contracility (decrease bp)
25
when taking non-dihydropyridines you should watch for what?
decreased contractility (low bp) vasodilation
26
medications that end in -pine cause what and are what class
dihydropyridines -vasodilation CCB
27
what two meds decrease the HR? what class are they?
non-dihydropyridines -verapamil -diltiazem
28
what would prevent you from giving a CCB?
-heart block -low bp less than 90 -hr less than 60
29
nimodopine is only used for what?
This drug is used only for cerebral arterial aneurysms -prevent vasospasms
30
na nitroprusside what is the positive and negative?
-negative: expensive, cyanide poising -pos: Extremely potent/effective vasodilator. Fastest acting antihypertensive agent.
31
what is the onset for na nitroprusside? what is it used for?
The drug of choice for hypertensive emergencies. Onset 30-60 seconds, immediate
32
hydralazine can cause what symptom?
systemic lupus response (DC this med) -can take 6 months for s/sx to go away
33
what is the fastest acting ccb?
Clevidipine -dihydropyridine
34
aldosterone effects:
preload
35
angiotensin effects:
-afterload (vasoconstriction)
36
ACE inhibitors all end in what?
-pril
37
potential problems with ACE inhibitors?
-hyperkalemia -cough -first dose hypotension -angioedema
38
what should you check before administering an ARB and ACE inhibitor?
-potassium -bp
39
ARB's all end in what?
-rtan
40
b1, b2, A1, A2, receptors relate to what?
b1-heart b2-lungs a1-vasoconstrictor a2-vasodilator
41
beta blockers all end in what?
-olol
42