HTN Flashcards
When does CVD risk double?
- Beginning at 115/75
- For each increment of 20/10
Primary HTN accounts for how many cases?
90-95%
What controls BP?
- SNS
- RAAS
- Plasma volume
Neural MOA
Overactive SNS
Renal MOA
Renal sodium retention
Vascular MOA
- Inflammation
- Oxidative stress
- Vascular remodeling
Hormonal (RAAS) MOA
- Aldosterone
- Angiotensin II
- Renin
- Prorenin activate pathways damaging vascular health
Secondary HTN indications
- Young age of onset
- Diastolic HTN at age older than 50
- Poor response to generally effective therapy
HEENT eval
- Narrowing of arterial diameter
- Cotton wool spots
- Hemorrhages
- Papilledema
- Exudates (3+)
Abdomen eval
- Renal masses
- Renal bruits
- Femoral pulses
Neuro eval
- Visual disturbance
- Focal weakness
- Confusion
Cardio eval
- Left ventricular hypertrophy
- S4 gallop
- Edema
Screening according to USPSTF?
Adults 18+
At what value do we dx HTN?
Depends on what guideline we are following
- Based on avg of 2 or more BP readings at 2 or more office visits
JNC 7 BP goal for general population
140/90
JNC 7 BP goal for pts w/ diabetes
130/80
JNC 8 recommendations
- < 140/90 for ALL adults up to age 59
- < 150/90 for age 60+
ADA recommendations
- < 140/90
- Risk-based individualization
Special considerations
- White coat HTN: 20-25% of stage 1 HTN in office
- Masked HTN: 10%, increased cardiovascular risk
When do you initiate anti-hypertensives according to ACC/AHA?
- Stage 2
- Stage 1 w/ 1 or more of the following:
1. Established ASCVD
2. Type 2 DM
3. CKD
4. 10 year calculated ASCVD risk of 10%
What is BP goal according to ACC/AHA?
- < 130/80 if on meds
- < 140/90 for low-risk stage 1 who don’t qualify for meds
What caution should you be aware of in pts > 60 yo?
Not to lower DBP < 55-60
*Associated w/ increased risk of MI & stroke