HTN Flashcards
what is the definition of stage 1 HTN
BP≥140/90 mmHg OR ABPM or HBPM is ≥135/85 mm Hg.
what is the definition of stage 2 HTN
- BP≥160/100 mm Hg and ABPM or HBPM is ≥150/95 mm Hg.
what is the definition of severe HTN
BP ≥180/110 mm
how common is HTN in 35s and >75s
35s 33%/28% M/F;
>75 66%/78% M/F
what is the diference between essential and secondary HTN
essential doesn’t have an obvious cause i.e. idiopathic
secondary has a cause
what are the causes of secondary HTN
• renal (stenosis, polycystic kidney glomerulonephritis, polynephritis
• Endocrine: Cushion’s, Conn’s, acromegaly, phemochromocytoma, thyrotoxicosis
• Coaration. Pre-eclampsia
• drugs (alcohol, erythromycin
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what is the screening program for BP
check every 5 years up to 80
what is the most common presentation of HTN
asymptomatic, accidental finding
end organ damage and bruits in secondary causes
what is BP threshold for ABPM and what is advised if the threshold is not met
o if >140/90 repeat 2-3 times if high ABPM/HBPM;
o If 130-139/85-89 mm Hg: annual checks
what blood should be used on dignosis of HTN
o eGFR/ceratin+ urine dipstick
+USS: renal disease
o U&Es: ion stability/endocrine causes
o Fasting glucose and lipids: CVS risk
what might be other useful investigations when diagnosing HTN
ECHO and ECG
what are the criteria for referral for someone with HTN
- Severe HTN or complications
- Rapidly progressing or resistant
- Drug intolerance
- Pregnancy
What is the lifestyle advice in HTN
↓obesity, ↓salt, ↓smoking ↑exercise
What HTN should be treated
Immediate: ABPM OR meds if BP>180/110
Indications for treatment: stage 2 or stage 1 DM + >80s
what is the 1st line for HTN
55/afrocarribean/african: CCB
