Ecg Flashcards
What are the ECG changes in right axis divination
1 &Vl down and Vf and 3 up
What are the changes in left axis divination ?
1 &Vl up and Vf and 2 down
What is the ECG change in LA hypertrophy
P mitrale: bifid p
What is the ECG change in RA hypertrophy
P pulmonale I.e. Tall p
What are the causes of RA hypertrophy
COPD, pulmonary hypertension, congenital HD
What are the characteristics of LBBB AND RBBB?
LBBB: WiLLiaM 1&6 RBBB: MaRRoW 1&6
What are the characteristic of LV hypertrophy?
S wave in V1 V5&6 night 35mm and possible T wave inversion
What are the characteristics of RV hypertrophy
Right axes divination R wave over 5mm in R leads
What are the causes of RBBB
Rheumatic heart disease Cor pulmonale Cardiomyopathy IHD PE CONGENITAL heart disease
What are the causes of LBBB
Coronary artery disease Hypertension Dilated cardiomyopathy MI
What are the causes of ST ELEVATION
Acute MI PERICARDITIS if over most leads
What are the criteria of ST depression in MI
1mm in 2 consecutive limb lead or 2mm in chest
What does t wave inversion indicate
Normal in V1 More than 2 leads = ischiaemia
What are the characteristics of sinus sick rhythm and what are the causes?
Sinus bradycardia with ventricular escape rhythm C: idiopathic node fibrosis, digoxin, MI, cardiac surgery
What are the changes in recent and old mi
Recent: inverted t and pathological q Old: pathological q
What is the classification for tachycardia and bradycardia?
Under 60 and over 100
What is the pattern of ischaemia in relation to the leads? v1-2; 3-4; 5-6; I-VL; II III VF
o V1-2: septal o V3-4: anterior o V5-6: lateral o I, aVL: high lateral o II, III, aVF: inferior
What are the ECG changes in PE
Large S wave in I
Q and T wave inversion in III
RAD
Tachycardia
What are the changes on the ECG in hyperkalaemia?
Low flat P
Broad bizarre QRS
Slurring into ST segment
Tall tented T
name some narrow and broad complex tachycardias and their characteristics
Narrow:
- regular
- p wave => atrial flutter and sinus tachycardia
- no P=> AVNTR
- irregular: AF
Broad
- regular: VT, SVT with aberrance/BBB, 1:1 flutter
- irregular: VF, AF aberrent
Name causes of AF
Ischaemic heart disease
Hypertension
Rheumatic heart disease
Thyrotoxicosis
Alcohol
Cardiomyopathy => dilation/hypertrophy
Chronic pulmonary disease
Post-cardiac surgery
what are the characteristics of AVNRT (atrioventricular node re-entry tachycardia) on ECG?
regular rhythem
No P
HR 130-250
What is the presentation of AVNRT?
Any age
Start and stop spontaneously
Variable duration seconds-days
Palpitations or sensation of rapid heart bit
Dizziness
Dyspnoea
Weakness
Neck pulsation
Central chest pain
What is the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome?
Development of accessory pathways in foetal development
