HTML Fundamentals Flashcards
Blank is Text that contains connections to other documents.
Hypertext
Blank is Part of a document that explains how to interpret or structure other parts of the document.
Markup
Blank is A set of rules describing how to write HTML.
Language
HTML defines over blank elements.
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An blank is a single HTML structure
element
Elements are represented with blank.
HTML tags
An blank is a markup instruction identified by <, the tag name, and >.
HTML tag
An blank indicates the starting point in the document where the tag takes effect.
opening tag
A blank indicates the ending point in the document where the tag stops having an effect.
closing tag
The blank, produced by WHATWG, defines the minimal parts of an HTML document
HTML Living Standard
The blank declaration instructs the web browser about what type of document follows
<!DOCTYPE html>
The blank and blank enclose everything but the <!DOCTYPE html> declaration. <html lang="en"> indicates that the document’s language is English.
<html> opening and closing tags
</html>
The blank and blank contain the document title, document metadata, and various other elements that are typically not displayed in the webpage.
<head> opening and closing tags
</head>
The blank tag specifies metadata, which is data that describes the document’s data. <meta></meta> describes how characters are represented in the HTML document. Additional <meta></meta> tags may be used to indicate when the document was saved, who the author is, etc.
<meta></meta>
The blank and blank enclose the name of the document. The title is usually displayed in the browser’s titlebar, is used by search engines, and is used for bookmarking.
<title> opening and closing tags
</title>
The blank and blank enclose all elements and content to be rendered in the browser.
<body> opening and closing tags
</body>
A blank provides additional information about the tag and is included only in the opening tag.
tag attribute
An attribute has a blank and a blank, specified using the form: name=”value”. Ex: <meta></meta> has an attribute named charset with value “UTF-8”.
name and a value
The <meta></meta> element does not use a closing tag because <meta></meta> is a blank
void element.
A blank is an element that only needs an opening tag. Other void elements include <img></img> for displaying an image and <input></input> for obtaining user input.
void element
Omitting the DOCTYPE from an HTML document or placing any characters before the DOCTYPE causes the web browser to render the document in blank mode
quirks
Blank mode is a browser rendering mode that renders a webpage using non-standard layout rules emulating older web browsers.
Quirks
A webpage with the DOCTYPE is rendered using blank mode, which uses the HTML Living Standard.
standards
The blank tag is optional but is included anyway in most webpages.
<head>
</head>
tags visually correct, but an HTML validator will generate a blank.
tag creates a blank in a paragraph, such that the content after the blank appears on a new line. Good practice is to use
when the line break is essential to the content, such as lines in a poem or mailing address, and not just to add spacing for formatting a webpage
tag is a void element, an HTML tag that does not have a blank
- opening and closing tags.
- opening and closing tags.
- tag's numbering scheme is specified with the blank
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The blank opening and closing tags create a new table cell containing table data.
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A table caption defines a short descriptive text for a table and is created with blank tags
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The caption opening and closing tags must immediately follow the blank tag. A web browser typically renders the table caption centered above the table.
opening table
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A single table cell occupies a single row and column by default, but a cell may span multiple columns or multiple rows using the blank attribute and blank attribute to specify how many columns or rows to span
colspan and rowspan
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The colspan and rowspan attributes apply to blank and blank tags.
and |
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The blank tag specifies the table header.
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The blank tag specifies the table body.
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The blank tag specifies the table footer
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The , , and tags do not affect the layout of the table, but browsers may use the tags to enable the table body to blank independently of the header and footer or to blank the header and footer on each page of a multi-page table printout.
scroll
print
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The blank tag displays an image in a webpage
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The
void element
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The
The src attribute
The alt attribute
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The blank is a mandatory attribute that specifies the URL of the image file to display.
src attribute
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The blank provides a text description to use as an alternative to displaying the image.
alt attribute
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The blank attribute and blank attribute are optional
width and height
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If the specified width and height are different from the image's actual size, the browser will blank the image for display.
resize
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An image's blank is the ratio of the image width to the image height
aspect ratio
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The aspect ratio is written as blank. Ex: An image 500 pixels wide and 250 pixels high has an aspect ratio of 500:250, which simplifies to 2:1.
width:height
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If an
aspect ratio
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If an
aspect ratio
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Web browsers support what three popular image formats:
JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)
PNG (Portable Network Graphics
GIF (Graphics Interchange Format)
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The blank image format is commonly used for digital photographs.
JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)
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The blank image format is commonly used for line art, screenshots, or images requiring transparency.
PNG (Portable Network Graphics)
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The blank image format is commonly used for simple animated images.
GIF (Graphics Interchange Format)
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JPEG images use blank, meaning that some of the original picture information is lost when compressed.
lossy compression
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A photograph is best saved as a blank because humans cannot easily perceive the quality loss in a photograph
JPEG image
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PNG and GIF images use blank, meaning no image quality is lost. Blank works best when a large number of adjacent pixels are the same color.
lossless compression
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JPEG and PNG images can display blank, which is approximately 16 million different colors
true color (24-bit color),
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GIF images are limited to only blank, but GIF images can display animations, which are popular on social media.
256 colors (8-bit color)
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The blank image format by Mozilla adds animation capability to PNG with true color support.
APNG
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The blank format is an XML format that describes an image as a series of shapes and lines.
SVG image
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The blank format by Google supports true color, transparency, and animation.
WebP image
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The blank format supports transparency, lossy or lossless compression, and higher compression rates.
AVIF image
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A blank is a small icon that identifies a website and typically displays in a browser tab
favicon
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A favicon is defined with a blank tag, which defines a link between a webpage and an external resource.
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A blank, or link, specifies where other information is located and what action the web browser should perform when a user clicks the blank.
hyperlink
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A hyperlink has what three parts:
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The blank attribute specifies the hyperlink's URL.
href
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Hyperlink used to send requests and responses that are readable only by the client and server.
HTTPS
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Hyperlink used to send requests and responses over the Internet without encryption.
HTTP
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Hyperlink used to send email.
mailto
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Hyperlink used to refer to a document on the same computer as the web browser.
file
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Hyperlink used to transfer data files.
ftp
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An blank is a complete URL. Ex: test is a hyperlink using the blank http://example.com/test.html.
absolute URL
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A blank specifies the relative path to the web resource with no scheme or hostname. Ex: test uses the blank test.html to refer to an HTML document on the same website and with the same path as the current HTML document.
relative URL
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A relative URL may use blank in front of a filename to indicate the file is one directory above the current HTML document.
two periods followed by a forward slash (../)
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A URL can point to a blank of a document by adding a hash tag (#) and a fragment identifier at the end of the URL. Ex: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_science#History refers to the "History" section of the "Computer_science" page on Wikipedia.
section, or fragment,
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Adding the id attribute to any HTML tag creates a blank, permitting URLs to link directly to the id's location in the document.
fragment identifier
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Several rules exist for an id value. Name them (4)
May be composed of any characters except whitespace characters. Ex: "history 123" is invalid because of the space.
Cannot start with a number. Ex: "3section" is invalid.
Is case sensitive. Ex: "History" and "history" are different ids.
Must be unique in the document. Ex: Two elements both using "history" is invalid.
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Good practice is to choose id values that start with a letter and are composed of blank, blank, blank and blank.
only letters, digits, dashes (-), and underscores (_)
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The content in a hyperlink may be any valid HTML or text. A blank uses an image inside a hyperlink instead of text.
A graphical hyperlink or image link
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An anchor tag's blank indicates how the browser should display the link when clicked.
target attribute
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The blank value is the default and indicates the browser will open the link in the same tab or window.
_self attribute
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The blank value indicates the browser will open the link in a new tab or window.
_blank attribute
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An blank is a mechanism for writing special characters or symbols in HTML, such as mathematical symbols, characters in most languages, and many other symbols.
entity
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Many HTML entities can be specified by blank.
name
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The < character normally marks the beginning of a tag, so blank is used to display the < character when < is not part of a tag.
<
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The & character marks the beginning of an entity name, so blank is used to display the & character when & does not start an entity name.
&
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A blank is an inter-word character that permits treating the words on both sides to be one word.
non-breaking character
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A non-breaking hyphen, blank, looks like a regular hyphen but acts like a normal character in the middle of a word.
‑
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A non-breaking space, blank, looks like a single space but acts like a normal character in the middle of a word.
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The non-breaking space is also useful for displaying blank between words
more than one space
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A blank is a blueprint, showing where the future content will be arranged.
wireframe
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