HSF II Histology Erythrocytes Flashcards
What is included in the formed elements of blood?
Buffy coat and cells (erythrocytes)
What is in the buffy coat?
Leukocytes and platelets
What are the formed elements?
Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, Thrombocytes (Platelets)
What is the purpose of a blood smear?
It gives you the chance to count cell types and check abnormal morphology
What is in plasma?
Water, Albumin, Fibrinogen, Globulins, Electrolytes
What is serum?
Plasma without protein
The plasma proteins are…
Albumin, Fibrinogen, Globulins, Regulatory proteins
What is one important protein to consider that is not in plasma?
Spectrin, found in the cytoskeleton of RBCs
Tell me an important function of albumin
It maintains oncotic pressure of the blood (making sure that fluid doesn’t leak into tissues from capillaries)
There is a higher concentration of albumin inside than in ECF
Deficiencies or variations in albumin concentrations can be indicative of…
Liver disease or kidney disease
The liver ______ albumin and the kidney may allow albumin to _____ into urine
Synthesizes; escape
Things that can lead to decreased albumin include…
Malnutrition and low-protein diets
Fibrinogen converts to _______ when…
fibrin; there is trauma to the walls of blood vessels
The essence of a blood clot is made of…
insoluble strands of fibrin
Globulins
small alpha and large beta
bind, protect, and support water-insoluble molecules
gamma is utilized for antibodies (aka immunoglobulins)
Spectrin
has alpha beta chains coiled around each other, binds to inner plasmalemma for shape/elasticity –> makes a biconcave disk of red blood cell
Where does hemopoiesis occur in fetus/infant/adult?
Fetus: blood islands in yolk sac
Infant: liver and lymphatic organs
Adult: vascular sinuses of bone marrow
Difference between red and yellow bone marrow?
Red bone marrow has way more erythroid progenies (to make more)
Yellow bone marrow has more adipose tissue so it’s not as active
are interchangeable depending on the body’s needs
What are the two compartments of bone marrow?
The vascular niche (marrow stromal) and the hematopoietic compartment
Describe what is in the vascular niche and what’s around it
FIbroblasts, adipose, near trabeculae bone, macrophages, blood vessels, vascular endothelial cells
Provides niches for stem cell renewal, expansion, and maintenance –> ensures that there is always room for expansion
Describe the endosteal niche and hematopoietic cell compartment
These are near bone surfaces (endosteum) and form endosteal bone marrow-hematopoietic cell niche
In the bone marrow, what do marrow endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and stromal cells all produce?
Hematopoietic growth factors and cytokines
These are used to influence blood cell production
Endothelial cells form a barrier to…
prevent immature hematopoietic stem cells from exiting marrow and allows mature hematopoietic cells to enter blood
What is the purpose of adipose in bone marrow?
What about macrophages?
It can also make growth factors and give a source of energy.
Removes apoptotic bodies and orthochromatic erythroblast residual nuclei
