HSC 401: Community Health Education Flashcards
What is the WHO definition of Health?
a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
List 4 factors that affect the health of a community
- Physical factors
- Social and cultural factors
- Community organization
- Individual behaviors
List 5 determinants of health/ Provide 2 examples for each one
- Gestational endowments (genetic makeup)
- Social circumstances (education, employment)
- Environmental conditions (structural hazards, toxic agents)
- Behavioral choices (diet, physical activity)
- Medical care (availability
What are the steps in MAP-IT, the action model to achieve healthy people goals.
- Mobilize
- Assess
- Plan
- Implement
- Track
According to the CDC, what are the 10 leading causes of death in the US for adults?
- Heart disease
- Cancer
- Chronic lower respiratory diseases
- Unintentional injuries
- Stroke
- Alzheimer’s disease
- Diabetes
- Influenza and pneumonia
- Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis
- Intentional self harm (suicide)
What is the most widely recognized and largest international government health organization?
The WHO (World Health Organization)
Name the largest department in the US federal government
The Department of Health and Human Services
What are the 4 major purposes of voluntary health agencies
- To raise money to fund their programs with the majority of the money going to fund research
- To provide education both to professionals and to the public
- To provide service to those individuals and families that are afflicted with the disease or health problem
- To advocate for beneficial policies, laws, and regulations that affect the work of the agency and in turn the people they are trying to help
5 National Health Surveys
- National Health Interview Survey
- National Health and Examination Survey
- Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
- Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System
- National Health Care Surveys
Grass roots
Bottom up efforts of people taking collective actions on their own behalf and they involve the use of a sophisticated blend of confrontation and cooperation in order to achieve their ends
List the necessary steps in community organizing
- Recognizing the issue
- Gaining entry into the community
- Organizing the people
- Assessing the community
- Determining the priorities and setting goals
- Arriving at a solution and selecting intervention strategies
- Implementing the plan
- Evaluating the outcomes of the plan of action
- Maintaining the outcomes in the community
- Looking back
5 main steps in health promotion program planning
- Assessing needs
- Setting goals and objectives
- Developing interventions
- Implementing interventions
- Evaluating results
SMART objectives
Specific Measurable Achievable Relevant Time-bound
Formative evaluation
conducted during the planning and implementing processes to improve or refine the program
Summative evaluation
determines the effect of a program on the priority population
Impact evaluation
a means of measuring the effectiveness of organizational activities and judging the significance of changes brought about by those activities
Outcome evaluation
focuses on the end result of the program
(Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children) WIC program
A government program designed to help pregnant women, new mothers, infants, and children who are at risk for poor nutrition due to low income or other factors.
Top causes of childhood mortality
Top is unintentional injuries especially motor vehicle deaths→ seatbelts Maltreatment Infectious disease Congenital malformations Cancer Homicide Heart disease
Health disparities
refer to differences in the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and burden of diseases and other adverse health conditions that exist among specific population groups in the United States
Federal efforts to eliminate health disparities
What is a Community needs assessment and what does it focus on?
Identifies the strengths and resources available in the community to meet the needs of children, youth, and families
Focuses on the capabilities of the community, including its citizens, agencies, and organizations
Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY)
measure of the burden of disease that takes into account premature death & loss of healthy life resulting from disability
Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL)
number of years lost when death occurs before age 65 or 75
governmental agencies
- Funded primarily by tax dollars
- Managed by government officials
- Authority for some geographic area
- Found at several levels:
a. International, e.g., World Health Organization
b. National, e.g., United States Department of Health and Human Services
c. State, e.g., California Department of Health
d. Local, e.g., Long Beach Health Department
nongovernmental agencies
Funded by private donations or, in some cases, membership fees
Free from governmental interference as long as they meet IRS guidelines
Many types:
- Voluntary : American Cancer Society, American Heart Association, American Lung Association
- Professional : American Public Health Association, American Medical Association, American Nursing Association
- Philanthropic : Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
- Service, social, and religious : Lion’s Club
Quasi-governmental agencies
Defined: Some responsibilities assigned by government but operate more like voluntary agencies
Funded by tax dollars & private sources
Examples: American Red Cross, National Academy of Science
Factors affecting community health
physical factors
social and cultural factors
community organization
individual behaviors
Social and cultural factors affecting community health
beliefs traditions prejudices economics politics religion socioeconomic status social norms
