HS2440 Week 2 Asyn_Structure of Metals (copy) Flashcards

1
Q

Structure of metals

A
  • Not completely full outer orbits, often nearly empty
  • they want to lose electrons, to become more stable
  • forming positively charged ions
  • electron loss is oxidation
  • and gain is reduction
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2
Q

Examples of metal ions

A
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3
Q

How metallic ions form compounds (metal ores)

A
  • Oxygen gains two electrons to form a negative ion
  • the copper loses two electrons to become more stable and has bonded with the oxygen
  • balancing charges between each-other- distinct packing patterns
  • ## forming a balanced charge of negatives and positives
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4
Q

different formations and packing patterns of compounds

A
  • depending on the size of the ions
  • and the number of different atoms packed together
  • the lowest energy state systems for the ions involved
  • ionic state of metals and non metals
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5
Q

production of metals (through reduction in a blast furnace)

A
  • carbon monoxide picks up oxygen from the metal, producing carbon dioxide and a metal
  • it changes back into its higher energy metallic state (from its ionic state)
  • The metallic state is inherently unstable and reverts to an ion
  • corrosion is a metal going from an unstable metallic state to a stable ionic state, it produces oxides
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6
Q

Properties of metals: Corrosion

A
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7
Q

properties of metals: Conductivity

A
  • outer electrons loosely held, because the atom is unstable
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8
Q

structure of metal as it cools down

A
  • as a metal cools it is variable, due to different temperatures of areas of the mold
  • grain growth, or crystals growing from the outside inwards
  • called dendrites
  • growth at the coolest point of the crystal, branching off
  • as they cool, crystals crash into eachother and create boundaries
  • alloys, some metals are very soluble in others, depending on the size of atoms
  • ## as they cool, temperature controls the composition of alloys of different metals
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9
Q

metallography

A
  • different structure, depending on if metal was cooled quickly or slowly
  • ## can be seen under a microscope
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10
Q

grain structures effect on metal properties

A
  • grain structures affect many properties of metals, including their flexibility
  • metals in alloys have different cooling and melting points
  • meaning as the alloy cools, one becomes solid quicker
  • creating different compositions of grains in an alloy, as they separate out some being compositions of both
  • heterogeneous mixture of grains of different metals
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11
Q

metals are rarely pure

A
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12
Q

Manufacturing metal

A
  • ## mould temperature will effect structure eg. dendrites
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13
Q

Pictures of the alloy process

A
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14
Q

Structures of alloys (eg interstitial, substatutional)

A
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15
Q

Different alloys and their components

A
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16
Q

Alloys – copper in antiquity

A