HS 5 CHAP 4 Flashcards
Traits that are common in a population
Genetic
Traits that vary in a population
Hereditability
Are structures found in the center (nucleus) of cells that carry long pieces of DNA.
Chromosomes
How many chromosomes?
46 or 23 pairs
Autosomes?
22 pairs
Gonosomes
23rd pairs
Deoxyribonucleic acid is the molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism.
DNA
Are the basic physical and functional unit of heredity which are contained in chromosomes.
Genes
Genes
25,000
When does life begin?
Gestation Period
What are needed for conception to occur?
• Primary sex organs
• Sex cells
Happen in about 1 of every 250 births
Identical twins
Happen in about 1 of every 125 births
Fraternal twins
The underlying combination of genetic material present (but not outwardly visible) in an organism.
Genotype
An observable trait; the trait that is actually seen.
Phenotype
The one trait that is expressed when two competing traits are present.
Dominant trait
A trait within an organism that is present, but is not expressed unless paired with another
Recessive trait
Is a form of intellectual disability caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21
Down syndrome
Is a genetic disorder that results from an abnormality in the X chromosome, which becomes constricted and often breaks
Fragile X syndrome (FXS)
Is a chromosomal disorder in which males have an extra X chromosome, making them XXY instead of XY
Klinefelter syndrome
Is a chromosomal disorder in females in which either an X chromosome is missing, making the person XO instead of XX, or part of one X chromosome is deleted
Turner syndrome
Is a chromosomal disorder in which a male has an extra Y chromosome
XYY syndrome
Glandular dysfunction that interferes with mucus production; breathing and digestion are hampered, resulting in a shortened life span.
Cystic fibrosis
Body does not produce enough insulin, which causes abnormal metabolism of sugar.
Diabetes
Delayed blood clotting causes internal and external bleeding.
Hemophilia
Central nervous system deteriorates, producing problems in muscle coordination and mental deterioration.
Huntington’s disease
Metabolic disorder that, left untreated, causes intellectual disability and hyperactivity.
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Blood disorder that limits the body’s oxygen supply; it can cause joint swelling, as well as heart and kidney failure.
Sickle-cell anemia
Neural tube disorder that causes brain and spine abnormalities.
Spina bifida
Deceleration of mental and physical development caused by an accumulation of lipids in the nervous system.
Tay-Sach’s disease
Correlations means that individuals’ genes may be systematically related to the types of environments to which they are exposed.
Heredity-environment
Children inherit genetic tendencies from their parents,and parents also provide an environment that matches their own genetic tendencies.
Passive
The child’s genetic tendencies elicit stimulation from the environment that supports a particular trait. Thus genes evoke environmental support.
Evocative
Children activelyseek out “niches” ni their environment that reflect their own interests and talents and are thus ni accord with their genotype.
Active (niche-picking)
Heredity- Environment Correlation View
Heredity to Environment
Epigenetic View
Heredity to Environment
Environment to Heredity
Are the situations where the impact of an environmental exposure on disease risk is different for people with different genotypes, or conversely, situations where the impact of a genotype on disease risk is different in people with different environmental exposures.
Gene x Environment interactions
