HS 1 3.03 Sensory System

Question 1

This is a cone-shaped area formed to hold and protect the eyeball.

Answer 1

Orbital Cavity

Question 2

This is a movable fold of skin that protects the eye.

Answer 2

eyelid

Question 3

This prevents large particles from entering the eye.

Answer 3

eyelash

Question 4

protective membrane that lines the inside of the eyelid and covers the sclera.

Answer 4

conjunctiva

Question 5

this produces tears which cleanses and lubricates the eye

Answer 5

lacrimal gland

Question 6

Three layers of the eye.

Answer 6

sclera, choroid, retina

Question 7

white of the eye, helps maintain shape of the eye

Answer 7

sclera

Question 8

middle layer of the eye, nourishes outer layers of the retina through the blood vessels.

Answer 8

choroid

Question 9

innermost layer of the eye, light rays reflect here to form an image.

Answer 9

retina

Question 10

these are found on the retina - sensitive to dim light

Answer 10

rods

Question 11

these are found on the retina - sensitive to bright light and color

Answer 11

cones

Question 12

blind spot on the retina

Answer 12

optic disc

Question 13

Circular clear area in front center of the sclera “window of the eye”, is transparent and permits the passage of light rays

Answer 13

cornea

Question 14

circular opening in the choroid coat that allows light to enter the eye

Answer 14

pupil

Question 15

colored, muscular layer that surrounds the pupil

Answer 15

iris

Question 16

these are located within the iris and control the size of the pupil

Answer 16

intrinsic muscles

Question 17

crystalline structure located behind iris and pupil; separates the anterior and posterior chambers; focuses images on the retina

Answer 17

lens

Question 18

carries the impulses formed by the retina to the brain for interpretation

Answer 18

optic nerve

Question 19

The anterior chamber is filled with this clear watery fluid that nourishes the lens and maintains pressure in the eye.

Answer 19

aqueous humor

Question 20

vitreous humor is a jelly-like fluid that maintains eye shape and refracts light rays; found in this

Answer 20

posterior chamber

Question 21

This disorder causes the lens to gradually become cloudy; causes painful, gradual blurring and loss of vision

Answer 21

cataracts

Question 22

treatment for cataracts

Answer 22

surgical removal of the lens

Question 23

cataracts occur most frequently in who?

Answer 23

people over 70 years old

Question 24

color plates used to test for color blindness

Answer 24

Ishihara test

Question 25

color blindness affects what part of the eye?

Answer 25

cones

Question 26

Genetic disorder that is carried by female and transmitted to males.

Answer 26

color blindness

Question 27

commonly known as pink eye; inflammation of conjunctiva; redness, pain swelling and discharge

Answer 27

conjunctivitis

Question 28

treatment for conjunctivitis

Answer 28

antibiotic eye drops

Question 29

retina pulls away from the layer of blood vessels that provides it with oxygen and nutrients. Sudden appearance of floaters and flashes and reduced vision.

Answer 29

Detached Retina

Question 30

Symptoms include: Spots or (floaters); Blurred vision; Impaired color vision; Dark or empty areas in vision and Vision loss

Answer 30

diabetic retinopathy

Question 31

Excessive intraocular pressure causing destruction of the retina and atrophy of the optic nerve. Symptoms develop gradually—mild aching, loss of peripheral vision, halos around light

Answer 31

Glaucoma

Question 32

Leading cause of vision loss. Incurable, treatments range from medications, injections into the eye and laser surgery

Answer 32

macular degeneration

Question 33

Symptoms of macular degeneration

Answer 33

partial loss of vision, abnormality where straight lines appear wavy, blurred vision, loss of central vision

Question 34

Light focuses in front of the retina because eyeball too long Concave lenses help Surgical Tx –– laser therapy used to reshape the anterior cornea of the eye.

Answer 34

myopia: nearsighted

Question 35

Light focuses behind the retina because the eyeball is too short;Objects must be moved farther away from the eye to be seen clearer; convex lenses help

Answer 35

Hyperopia; Farsighted

Question 36

lens loses elasticity, cannot focus on close or distant objects, usually occurs after age 40; treatment bifocals

Answer 36

presbyopia; old-sightedness

Question 37

irregular curvature of the cornea or lens, causing blurred vision and eye strain

Answer 37

astigmatism

Question 38

the outer ear, collects sound waves and directs them into the auditory canal

Answer 38

pinna (auricle)

Question 39

lined with glands that secrete a wax-like substance called cerumen that protects the ear. The canal leads to the tympanic membrane

Answer 39

auditory canal

Question 40

separates the outer from the middle ear

Answer 40

tympanic membrane (eardrum)

Question 41

Three tiny bones in the middle ear.

Answer 41

ossicles

Question 42

What are the ossicles?

Answer 42

malleus (hammer); incus (anvil); stapes (stirrup)

Question 43

The function of the ossicles.

Answer 43

transmit sound waves from the eardrum to the inner ear

Question 44

filled with fluid that vibrates when sound waves are transmitted by the stapes

Answer 44

cochlear duct

Question 45

three structures in inner ear that contain liquid set in motion by head and body movements. These impulses are sent back to the cerebellum to maintain balance or equilibrium

Answer 45

semicircular canals

Question 46

performed for chronic ear infections. Surgical opening made in tympanic membrane and tubes placed in ear to drain fluids

Answer 46

myringotomy

Question 47

the stapes becomes hardened and immovable. Common cause of deafness in young adults. Tx: stapedectomy—total replacement of the stapes

Answer 47

otosclerosis

Question 48

condition affects the semicircular canals causing vertigo (dizziness)

Answer 48

Meniere's Disease

Question 49

the sensation of hearing ringing, buzzing, hissing, chirping, whistling, or other sounds. Common causes are: age-related hearing loss; prolonged exposure to loud noises; impacted cerumen; and otosclerosis

Answer 49

Tinnitus

Question 50

Deafness due to the aging process. Tx: hearing aids

Answer 50

Presbycusis

Question 51

sounds to the inner ear are blocked by ear wax, fluid in the middle ear, or abnormal bone growth

Answer 51

Conductive hearing loss

Question 52

damage to inner ear or auditory nerve causes partial or complete deafness. Tx: Cochlear implants

Answer 52

Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Question 53

The sense of smell comes from this.

Answer 53

Olfactory region of the nasal cavity

Question 54

small, hair-like projections that trap larger dust particles entering the nose

Answer 54

cilia

Question 55

partition that divides the nose into right and left sides

Answer 55

septum

Question 56

condition where there is a bend in the cartilage of the septum. Symptoms: blockage of airflow in one nostril; difficulty sleeping; headaches; loud breathing; snoring and nose bleeds Treatment: surgical correction

Answer 56

Deviated nasal septum

Question 57

growths in the nasal cavity associated with rhinitis. Treatment: if severe, surgical removal

Answer 57

nasal polyps

Question 58

inflammation of the lining of the nose causing nasal congestion; nasal drainage, sneezing or itching. Caused by allergies, infection, fumes, odors or drugs. Treatment: eliminating allergens or reducing exposure; antihistamines

Answer 58

rhinitis

Question 59

Bumps on the surface of the tongue that contain the taste buds

Answer 59

papillae

Question 60

inflammation of the tongue

Answer 60

Glossitis

Question 61

swollen, red bumpy tongue with enlarged taste buds. Causes include: Scarlet fever; allergies; Toxic shock syndrome; Vitamin B12 deficiency and Kawasaki disease

Answer 61

strawberry tongue

Question 62

an oral yeast infection that causes white lesions on tongue and inner cheeks. Common in babies, people with immune deficiency, and those who use steroid sprays for asthma.

Answer 62

thrush