HRM 4 2 AND 3 Flashcards
Process of estimating the likelihood or probability of an adverse outcome or event.
Environmental risk management
Surroundings or condition in which a person animal or plant lives or operate
Environment
The probability of a occuring any adverse effect
Risk
Process of estimating the incidence of a health effect
Risk characterization
Involves the calculation of simple risk ratio
Quantitative risk characterization
It is not always possible to undertake a quantitative characterization of risk in this instances such as when assessing the risk to remote marine areas
Qualitative risk characterization
surface water and sediment air soil and groundwater is requirement for the registration of plant protection products
Predicted environmental concentration or PEC
Concentration of a chemical
Predicted no effect concentration
One of a element comprehensive approach to safety and health
Risk recognition
Process of determining whether exposure to an agent
Hazard identification
Characterizing the relation between the dose of an agent
Dose response assessment
Measuring or estimating the intensity frequency and duration of human exposures
Exposure assessment
Estimating the incidence of a health effect
Risk characterization
Method of assessing mitigating and monitoring the risk effects of a recognized risk
Environmental risk management
Consider assessment in light of social economic and political needs and values
Environmental risk management
Process of choosing between the options
Decision
Creating the option that we have to choose
Implementation
Controlling the option to be sure that we achieve our aim
Monitoring and evaluation
Choosing other option in case we didn’t have the best results
Review
Reduction in health ecological and property damages
Incremental benefits
Use of advanced solar energy technology
Environmental benefits
Damage reducing effect that is a direct consequence of implementing environmental policy
Primary environmental benefit
Indirect gain to society that may arise from a stimulative effect of primary benefits
Secondary environmental benefit
Benefit derived from physical use or access to an environmental good
User value
Received from the continuance of an environmental good
Existence value
Class of economic value reflecting the benefit people receive from knowing that a particular environmental resource
Existence values
Benefit derived from directly consuming services provided by an environmental good
Direct user value
Benefit derived from indirect consumption of environmental good
Indirect user value
Utility associated with knowing that others derived benefits from an environmental good
Vicarious consumption
The sense of obligation to preserve the environment for future generations
Stewardship
Strong proponents of the market approach
Economist
Different kinds of air pollutants
Ambient standard
What is pm
Particulate matter
Refers to discharge limit
Technology based standard
Specifies a pollution limit
Performance based standards
Regulatory approach that prescribes the environmental outcome expected
Performance based standards
Performance based standards are typically used in combination with
Design based standards
Types of market instruments 1 to 4
pollution charges,
subsidies
deposit or refund system
pollution permit trading system
Ra 6969
Toxic substances hazardous and nuclear waste control act of 1990
Ra 9003
Ecological solid waste management act of 2000
Ra 9275
Philippine clean water act 2004
Ra 8749
Philippine clean air act of 1999
PAB
Pollution adjudication board
DRS
Deposit refund scheme
PM
Particulate matter
Financial assistance given to organization and companies as an incentive
Environmental subsidies
Subsidies typically come in the form of
Grants
loans
tax relief
Non-repeable sums of money given to an individual or group for environmental
Grants
Rates are below market rights or called soft loads or loan is guarantee
Loans
Given through tax or charge exemptions rebates or acceleration depreciation allowance
Tax relief
Works by asking for a payment when something is purchased or used which is then paid back upon its return
Deposit refund scheme
They give companies the legal right to pollute a certain amount per fixed time span
Pollution permit trading system
Market driven means to reduce emissions
Emissions trading
Market driven emissions trading mechanism wherein the government establishes a cap on emissions
Cap and trade system
Entities can invest in emissions
Emission offset system
