HR: Developing recognition of human rights Flashcards
what is the abolition of slavery?
refers to the abolishment or removal of slavery
when was slavery first abolished and by who?
Iceland 1117
when did Britain abolish slavery and what was the act called?
- 1833
- Slavery Abolition Act 1833 (UK)
how is the abolition of slavery protected?
UDHR 1948 article 4
“No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms”
why is the abolition of slavery important?
- creates equality
- fundamental for understanding that all people are free and equal
What are trade unions?
organisations that represent workers’ rights
what are labour rights?
Legal rights and human rights relating to labour relations between workers and employers
what act gave trade unions legal status?
UK Trade Union 1871
how are labour rights protected?
enshrined in UDHR 1948 articles 23-24
“Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment.”
“Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay.”
“Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work.”
examples of labour rights?
minimum wage, right to work, favourable conditions, maternity/paternity leave
importance of labour rights?
- limit power
- fixes the imbalance between employers and employees
effectiveness of labour rights?
somewhat, as some can’t join (china, Iran, Rwanda), and in Australia around 21 thousand underpaid.
what trade union act was for improving working conditions?
International Labour Organisation 1919
What is universal suffrage?
the right of all people to vote in a democratic election
who could originally vote?
white men of upper class
what prompted women’s vote?
19th century suffragettes
when and who was the first country to let women vote? when did Australia allow women to vote?
- New Zealand 1893
- Franchise Act 1902 (cth)
how is universal suffrage protected?
- UDHR article 21
- Australian Constitution S8, S30
when could Aboriginal Australians vote?
1962
effectiveness of universal suffrage?
- prisoners can’t vote
- many countries are autocracies not democratic (china, Venezuela)
what is universal education?
right of all people to a basic (primary school) education
how is universal education protected?
- UDHR Article 26
- ICESCR Article 13
when did education first become compulsory?
Britain 1870 Education Act, for compulsory education 5-10yrs.
effectiveness of universal education?
- countries at war can not provide sufficient education (Syria)
what is self-determination?
the collective right of a group of people to determine their own political status, language, education system, and society.
example of domestic self-determination?
Native Tile Act Mabo
example of international self-determination?
Indonesia becoming independent from the Dutch
what happened 1960-1993 (SD)
53 territories become self-governing independent states
where are there still issues with SD
Taiwan, Hong Kong, Crimea
what are environmental rights?
the right of future generations to enjoy the same environmental quality
why are environmental rights important?
- rights are interdependent
- needed for full enjoyment of other rights
successful environmental rights project?
Stockholm declaration 1972
failed environmental rights projects?
Rio Declaration 1992
Kyoto Protocol 1997
what would affect global food population
4* temp rise
as of 2017 where are Australia’s pollution contributors?
13th
what are peace rights?
collective right of people to have their government maintain peace, and eliminate war.
where are peace rights protected?
UN Charter Article 1
when can countries attack another?
in self-defence
