HR - Chapter 2 Vocabulary Flashcards
Allele
A possible version of a gene, which codes information for a specific trait, or version of a characteristic (Pg. 51)
Artificial Insemination
A form of artificial reproductive technology in which sperm are collected from a chosen male and inserted into one or more females (Pg. 62)
Characteristic
A feature of an organism such as eye colour or wing shape (Pg. 41)
Continuous Variation
Variation is a trait that exists in a range of forms (Pg. 44)
Discrete Variation
Variation in a trait that exists in defined forms (Pg. 44)
Dominant Trait
A trait that appears if one or both member of a pair of alleles are dominant (Pg. 53)
Gene
An uninterrupted segment of DNA, which contains coded instructions for a specific characteristic (Pg. 50)
Genetic Code
The arrangement of the four chemicals (guanine, cytosine, adenine, thymine) in DNA into instructions the describe how to make any particular organism (Pg. 49)
Genetic Engineering
Any technological process that directly alters the DNA of an organism (Pg. 62)
Heredity
The transmission of traits from one generation to the next (Pg. 43)
Hybrid
An individual produced by crossing two purebred partners that differ in a trait (Pg. 52)
Homozygous
Having identical pairs of genes among homologous chromosomes.
Heterozygous
Having dissimilar genes among homologous chromosomes.
In-vitro Fertilization
A form of artificial reproductive technology in which sperm from a male and eggs from a female are collected and combined in a Petri dish for fertilization (Pg. 62)
Recessive Trait
A trait that that appears only if both members of a pair of alleles are recessive (Pg. 54)
