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Endo Final Pharm > HPA Pharm > Flashcards

HPA Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main types of receptors in the body?

A

G protein, kinase and nuclear

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2
Q

What is the main effect of a hormone using a kinase receptor?

A

Turn on gene transcription

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3
Q

What is an example of a hormone that uses a receptor tyrosine kinase?

A

Insulin

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4
Q

What is an example of an agent that uses serine/threonine kinase receptors?

A

TGF beta

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5
Q

What are two examples of agents using cytokine receptors?

A

GH and Prolactin

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6
Q

What is the main difference between cytokine receptors and the kinase receptors?

A

Cytokine receptors lack intrinsic enzyme activity

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7
Q

What is the main effect of activating G protein receptors?

A

The activation activates an effector protein at some point through the signaling.

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8
Q

What are the main effectors for the following G subtypes?

A

Gs: AC leading to cAMP
Gi: inhibit AC
Gq: phospholipase c, IP3, DAG and ultimately Calcium

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9
Q

Which subunit of the G protein receptor has catalytic activity to convert GTP to GDP?

A

Alpha subunit

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10
Q

Big time category of hormones using classic nuclear receptors? Give 5 examples.

A

Steroid hormones like estrogen, androgen, progesterone, glucos and minerals

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11
Q

What hormone do we need to remember for the “other” nuclear receptors?

A

Thyroid

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12
Q

What is the recombinant form of GH?

A

Somatropin

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13
Q

3 big time effects of growth hormone in the body?

A

Simulates longitudinal bone growth, muscle building, and break down of fat.

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14
Q

What are 4 disorders he mentioned that growth hormone can be prescribed for?

A

Prader Willi syndrome, Turner syndrome, Noonan syndrome, and Wasting because of AIDS>

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15
Q

Big time contraindication for using Growth Hormone?

A

Patients with known malignancy

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16
Q

What does IGFBP-3 do?

A

Prolongs the action of IGF1

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17
Q

Besides growth hormone deficiency causing short problems, what is another common cause and what can we give for it?

A

IGF1 deficiency. Mecasermin.

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18
Q

What is the most common adverse effect to using mecasermin?

A

Hypoglycemia

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19
Q

What are the two ways we treat a GH secreting adenoma?

A

We can give a GH antagonist, like somatostatin, or give a GH receptor antagonist like pegvisomant

20
Q

What are the two SST analogs and which one is most widely used?

A

Octreotide (most commonly) and lanreotide

21
Q

How do we compare the potency of octreotide vs. SST?

A

Octreotide is 45 times more potent

22
Q

What else does Octreotide inhibit?

A

GHrh and thyrotropin

23
Q

What is the clinical use of Octreotide?

A

Symptoms from a pituitary adenoma secreting GH

24
Q

What is the clinical use of lanreotide?

A

Acromegaly

25
Q

What is a common side effect of using SST analog and why?

A

Gallstones because SST blocks CCK from contracting

26
Q

What is the clinical use for pegvisomat?

A

Acromegaly

27
Q

3 clinical uses of using FSH analogs?

A

Ovulation induction, sperm induction, and development of follicles

28
Q

Clinical use of LH analog?

A

Used in combination with follitropin Alfa to stimulate follicle development in women with LH deficiency

29
Q

3 clinical uses for hCG?

A

Induce ovulation and pregnancy in infertile and anovulatory women, treatment of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, spermatogenesis induction with FSH analog

30
Q

What are the 2 phases of GnRH analog administration?

A

First 7-10 days it is an agonist

Next 7-10 days it is an antagonist

31
Q

What are the two uses of GnRH analogs and which one is most common?

A

Stimulation of gonadotropin production, but more commonly used to suppress it.

32
Q

3 clinical uses of GnRH analogs when they are used to stimulate?

A

Male infertility, female infertility, and LH responsiveness

33
Q

What are the 5 clinical uses of using GnRH analogs as a suppressant?

A

Control ovarian stimulation, endometriosis, leiomyoma, prostate cancer, and central precocious puberty

34
Q

2 contraindications for using GnRH analogs?

A

Pregnancy and breast feeding

35
Q

2 clinical uses for GnRH antagonists?

A

Suppress gonadotropin production

Advanced prostate cancer

36
Q

Which dopamine agonist has the longer half life?

A

Cabergoline

37
Q

2 big differences between vasopressin and desmopressin?

A

Desmo is 3000 times more potent and longer half life

38
Q

What are the 3 effects of vasopressin and desmopressin?

A

Vascular VC via V1, water reabsorption via V2 in the kidney, release of coag factor 8 and VWF outside of kidney.

39
Q

3 clinical uses of desmopressin and why is desmopressin used more often than vasopressin?

A

DI, hemophilia A and VWD

40
Q

What are the clinical uses of vasopressin antagonists?

A

Treat hypervolemia or any type of hyponatremia.

CHF and SIADH

41
Q

The two vaptans or vasopressin antagonists are metabolized by what?

A

Cyp3a4

42
Q

Dopamine agonists act through which receptor?

A

D2

43
Q

Out of desmopressin and vasopressin, which one do we use if we are treating someone who is in shock or extremely hypotensive and why?

A

Vasopressin because they go after V1 receptors on the vasculature for VC and desmo has little effect on VC. They are more v2.

44
Q

Which age group, kids or adults have more adverse effects with GH administration, and what are the 4 mentioned adverse effects?

A

Kids tolerate it well. Adults have more adverse effects.

Peripheral edema, myalgias, Arthralgia, carpal tunnel syndrome

45
Q

What is the difference in roles of GH and IGF1 on insulin?

A

GH reduces insulin sensitivity and IGF1 increases insulin sensitivity, so you need less of it.

46
Q

3 clinical uses of bromocriptine and it can be used for these because of its inhibition of what?

A

Acromegaly, infertility, and galactorrhea.

Inhibits prolactin and GH

Endo Final Pharm (7 decks)

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