HPA Pharm

Question 1

What are the three main types of receptors in the body?

Answer 1

G protein, kinase and nuclear

Question 2

What is the main effect of a hormone using a kinase receptor?

Answer 2

Turn on gene transcription

Question 3

What is an example of a hormone that uses a receptor tyrosine kinase?

Answer 3

Insulin

Question 4

What is an example of an agent that uses serine/threonine kinase receptors?

Answer 4

TGF beta

Question 5

What are two examples of agents using cytokine receptors?

Answer 5

GH and Prolactin

Question 6

What is the main difference between cytokine receptors and the kinase receptors?

Answer 6

Cytokine receptors lack intrinsic enzyme activity

Question 7

What is the main effect of activating G protein receptors?

Answer 7

The activation activates an effector protein at some point through the signaling.

Question 8

What are the main effectors for the following G subtypes?

Answer 8

Gs: AC leading to cAMP
Gi: inhibit AC
Gq: phospholipase c, IP3, DAG and ultimately Calcium

Question 9

Which subunit of the G protein receptor has catalytic activity to convert GTP to GDP?

Answer 9

Alpha subunit

Question 10

Big time category of hormones using classic nuclear receptors? Give 5 examples.

Answer 10

Steroid hormones like estrogen, androgen, progesterone, glucos and minerals

Question 11

What hormone do we need to remember for the “other” nuclear receptors?

Answer 11

Thyroid

Question 12

What is the recombinant form of GH?

Answer 12

Somatropin

Question 13

3 big time effects of growth hormone in the body?

Answer 13

Simulates longitudinal bone growth, muscle building, and break down of fat.

Question 14

What are 4 disorders he mentioned that growth hormone can be prescribed for?

Answer 14

Prader Willi syndrome, Turner syndrome, Noonan syndrome, and Wasting because of AIDS>

Question 15

Big time contraindication for using Growth Hormone?

Answer 15

Patients with known malignancy

Question 16

What does IGFBP-3 do?

Answer 16

Prolongs the action of IGF1

Question 17

Besides growth hormone deficiency causing short problems, what is another common cause and what can we give for it?

Answer 17

IGF1 deficiency. Mecasermin.

Question 18

What is the most common adverse effect to using mecasermin?

Answer 18

Hypoglycemia

Question 19

What are the two ways we treat a GH secreting adenoma?

Answer 19

We can give a GH antagonist, like somatostatin, or give a GH receptor antagonist like pegvisomant

Question 20

What are the two SST analogs and which one is most widely used?

Answer 20

Octreotide (most commonly) and lanreotide

Question 21

How do we compare the potency of octreotide vs. SST?

Answer 21

Octreotide is 45 times more potent

Question 22

What else does Octreotide inhibit?

Answer 22

GHrh and thyrotropin

Question 23

What is the clinical use of Octreotide?

Answer 23

Symptoms from a pituitary adenoma secreting GH

Question 24

What is the clinical use of lanreotide?

Answer 24

Acromegaly

Question 25

What is a common side effect of using SST analog and why?

Answer 25

Gallstones because SST blocks CCK from contracting

Question 26

What is the clinical use for pegvisomat?

Answer 26

Acromegaly

Question 27

3 clinical uses of using FSH analogs?

Answer 27

Ovulation induction, sperm induction, and development of follicles

Question 28

Clinical use of LH analog?

Answer 28

Used in combination with follitropin Alfa to stimulate follicle development in women with LH deficiency

Question 29

3 clinical uses for hCG?

Answer 29

Induce ovulation and pregnancy in infertile and anovulatory women, treatment of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, spermatogenesis induction with FSH analog

Question 30

What are the 2 phases of GnRH analog administration?

Answer 30

First 7-10 days it is an agonist | Next 7-10 days it is an antagonist

Question 31

What are the two uses of GnRH analogs and which one is most common?

Answer 31

Stimulation of gonadotropin production, but more commonly used to suppress it.

Question 32

3 clinical uses of GnRH analogs when they are used to stimulate?

Answer 32

Male infertility, female infertility, and LH responsiveness

Question 33

What are the 5 clinical uses of using GnRH analogs as a suppressant?

Answer 33

Control ovarian stimulation, endometriosis, leiomyoma, prostate cancer, and central precocious puberty

Question 34

2 contraindications for using GnRH analogs?

Answer 34

Pregnancy and breast feeding

Question 35

2 clinical uses for GnRH antagonists?

Answer 35

Suppress gonadotropin production | Advanced prostate cancer

Question 36

Which dopamine agonist has the longer half life?

Answer 36

Cabergoline

Question 37

2 big differences between vasopressin and desmopressin?

Answer 37

Desmo is 3000 times more potent and longer half life

Question 38

What are the 3 effects of vasopressin and desmopressin?

Answer 38

Vascular VC via V1, water reabsorption via V2 in the kidney, release of coag factor 8 and VWF outside of kidney.

Question 39

3 clinical uses of desmopressin and why is desmopressin used more often than vasopressin?

Answer 39

DI, hemophilia A and VWD

Question 40

What are the clinical uses of vasopressin antagonists?

Answer 40

Treat hypervolemia or any type of hyponatremia. | CHF and SIADH

Question 41

The two vaptans or vasopressin antagonists are metabolized by what?

Answer 41

Cyp3a4

Question 42

Dopamine agonists act through which receptor?

Answer 42

D2

Question 43

Out of desmopressin and vasopressin, which one do we use if we are treating someone who is in shock or extremely hypotensive and why?

Answer 43

Vasopressin because they go after V1 receptors on the vasculature for VC and desmo has little effect on VC. They are more v2.

Question 44

Which age group, kids or adults have more adverse effects with GH administration, and what are the 4 mentioned adverse effects?

Answer 44

Kids tolerate it well. Adults have more adverse effects. | Peripheral edema, myalgias, Arthralgia, carpal tunnel syndrome

Question 45

What is the difference in roles of GH and IGF1 on insulin?

Answer 45

GH reduces insulin sensitivity and IGF1 increases insulin sensitivity, so you need less of it.

Question 46

3 clinical uses of bromocriptine and it can be used for these because of its inhibition of what?

Answer 46

Acromegaly, infertility, and galactorrhea. | Inhibits prolactin and GH