Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Joeli Unit 4 > HPA and Menstruation > Flashcards

HPA and Menstruation Flashcards

1
Q

what is an integral part of homeostasis and hormone regulation

A

hypothalamic-pituitary communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what connects the pituitary with the hypothalamus

A

infundibulum/pituitary stalk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

between the anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary, which one is glandular tissue

A

anterior pituitary is glandular tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

between the anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary, which one is neural tissue

A

posterior pituitary is neural tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

between anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary, which one is a true endocrine organ

A

anterior pituitary is true endocrine organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how does the anterior pituitary communicate with the hypothalamus (not the infundibulum)

A

via the hypophyseal portal system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

between the anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary, which one synthesizes hormones for release

A

anterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

between the posterior pituitary and anterior pituitary, which is an extension of the hypothalamus

A

posterior pituitary is an extension of the hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what 2 hormones are released from the posterior pituitary

A

oxytocin
ADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

does the posterior pituitary produce hormones?

A

NO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where is GnRH released from

A

hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What hormones are released due to GnRH

A

LH and FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where are LH and FSH released from

A

anterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what do LH and FSH act on

A

reproductive system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Effects of LH

A

stimulates production of sex hormones by gonads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Effects of FSH

A

Stimulates production of sperm and eggs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where is TRH released from

A

hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What hormone is released due to TRH

A

TSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the target of TSH

A

thyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the effects of TSH

A

stimulates the released of thyroid hormone (TH). TH regulates metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where is PRH released from

A

hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what hormone is released due to PRH

A

PRL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the target of PRL

A

mammary glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the effect of PRL

A

promotes milk production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what is PRH inhibited by
PIH
26
where is GHRH released from
hypothalamus
27
what is released due to GHRH
GH
28
what is the target of GH
liver bone muscles
29
induces targets to produce insulin-like growth factors (IGF) which stimulate body growth and a higher metabolic rate
GH
30
where is CRH released from
hypothalamus
31
What is released due to CRH
ACTH
32
what is the target of ACTH
adrenal glands
33
induces targets to produce glucocorticoids which regulate metabolism and the stress response
ACTH
34
What is GHRH inhibited by
GHIH
35
where are the hormones that are stored in the posterior pituitary produced from
hypothalamus
36
what determines the rate of axon firing from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary
internal and external stimuli
37
what hormones are neurohormones
ADH oxytocin
38
what hormones allows for uterine contraction and milk 'let-down'
oxytocin
39
how many ova are present at birth in immature follicles
~2 million ova
40
how many ova are present at puberty
~300,000-500,000 ova
41
how many ova will reach maturity and be ovulated during a lifetime
~500 ova
42
first menstruation
menarche
43
average age and range for menstruation
average age: 12 years range: 9-17 years
44
first cycles are ____
anovulatory
45
first cycles range from
10-60 days
46
how long is a regular menstrual cycle
25-35 days
47
cessation of menstruation
menopause
48
phase that promotes follicle growth and proliferation of uterine lining
follicular/proliferative phase
49
phase where we have corpus luteum and secretion/development of glands and blood vessels to make a more hospitable environment
luteal/secretory
50
phase where corpus luteum turns into corpus albicans and we no longer signal to maintain a hospitable environment
ischemic/menses
51
which cells convert cholesterol/fats to androgens and then can convert them to estrogen
theca cell
52
what cell converts androgens to estrogen via FSH
granulosa cells
53
what is the purpose of estrogen production by theca cells and granulosa cells
to produce enough estrogen to cause an LH surge to allow for ovulation
54
effect of estrogen on cervical mucosa
abundant fluid secretions
55
effect of progesterone on cervical mucosa
thick, sticky secretions
56
effect of estrogen on fallopian tube
increased motility, ciliary
57
effect of progesterone on fallopian tube
decreased motility
58
primary amenorrhea for 13
failure of menarche by age 13 and lack of secondary sex characteristics
59
primary amenorrhea for 15
failure of menarche by age 15 regardless of secondary sex characteristics
60
primary amenorrhea for thelarche
failure of menarche three years after thelarche
61
timeline to be diagnosed with secondary amenorrhea for woman with regular cycles
greater than or equal to 3 mos
62
timeline to be diagnosed with secondary amenorrhea for woman with irregular cycles
greater than or equal to 6 mos
63
most common cause of secondary amenorrhea
pregnancy
64
common structural causes of secondary amenorrhea
hysterectomy uterine ablation endometrial adhesions Asherman's syndrome
65
what is the second most common cause of secondary amenorrhea
hypothyroidism
66
TRH binds to
both thyrotropes and lactotropes
67
TRH binding to lactotropes
increases prolactin secretion from anterior pituitary
68
prolactin causes negative feedback on GnRH
decreased GnRH --> decreased FSH and LH --> an ovulation --> amenorrhea
69
what else is dopamine called
prolactin inhibiting factor/prolactin inhibiting hormone
70
what type of medication can cause hyperprolactinemia
dopamine antagonist
71
what labs will be low in someone with hyperprolactinemia
gonadotrophins ovarian hormones
72
eye finding in someone with prolactinoma
bitemporal hemianopsia
73
elevations of what hormones can cause anovulation
progesterone testosterone DHEAS
74
what hormone is elevated in anorexia nervosa
ghrelin
75
what hormones are elevated in anorexia nervosa due to increased stress
CRH ACTH cortisol secretion

Joeli Unit 4 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions