Cardiac Circulation

Question 1

4 major functions of placenta in fetal circulation

Answer 1

nutrition
gas exchange
fluid and electrolyte balance
waste removal

Question 2

what is in charge of gas exchange in a person

Answer 2

lungs

Question 3

what is in charge of nutrition in person

Answer 3

GI tract
liver
kidney

Question 4

what is in charge of waste removal in person

Answer 4

liver
kidneys

Question 5

what is in charge of fluid and electrolyte balance in person

Answer 5

kidneys

Question 6

are maternal and fetal blood the same?

Answer 6

no

Question 7

maternal blood is pulsed into the reservoir via what arteries

Answer 7

spiral arteries

Question 8

where are fetal placental vessels found

Answer 8

within villus projections

Question 9

why is oxygen easily off-loaded from mom to fetus

Answer 9

fetal hemoglobin has higher oxygen affinity

Question 10

blood from iliac arteries form paired

Answer 10

umbilical arteries

Question 11

what is the role of the umbilical arteries

Answer 11

shunt blood away from GI tract and lower extremities to placenta

Question 12

what type of blood do the umbilical arteries carry

Answer 12

deoxygenated blood

Question 13

the ductus venous shunt blood from what vein

Answer 13

umbilical vein

Question 14

where does blood from umbilical vein go after ductus venosus

Answer 14

IVC

Question 15

what type of blood is in the umbilical vein

Answer 15

oxygenated

Question 16

what shunts blood from the right atrium to the left atrium

Answer 16

foramen ovale

Question 17

what percent of blood from the IVC crosses the right-to-left shunt via the foramen ovale

Answer 17

50%

Question 18

function of foramen ovale

Answer 18

allows oxygenated blood to bypass the lungs to be used in systemic circulation

Question 19

what shunts blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta

Answer 19

ductus arteriosus

Question 20

what keeps ductus arteriosus open

Answer 20

prostaglandins

Question 21

what portion of blood entering the pulmonary artery is shunted to the aorta

Answer 21

80%

Question 22

what does the ductus venosus become

Answer 22

ligamentum venosum

Question 23

what do umbilical arteries become

Answer 23

medial umbilical ligament/fold

Question 24

what does the umbilical vein become

Answer 24

ligamentum teres/round ligament

Question 25

what does the ductus arteriosus become

Answer 25

ligamentum arteriosum

Question 26

what is coarctation of aorta

Answer 26

narrowing of the aorta

Question 27

what type of valve does coarctation of aorta commonly occur with

Answer 27

bicuspid aortic valve

Question 28

where do you have higher pressure in coarctation of aorta

Answer 28

above site of stenosis

Question 29

where do you have lower pressure in coarctation of aorta

Answer 29

below site of stenosis

Question 30

physical findings in coarctation of aorta

Answer 30

HTN
leg cramps during exercise
decreased LE pulses compared to UE

Question 31

what type of murmur might you hear in coarctation of aorta

Answer 31

systolic ejection murmur

Question 32

in coarctation of aorta, what can lead to changes on CXR

Answer 32

collateral circulation

Question 33

what specific finding will you see on CXR if there is collateral circulation present in coarctation of aorta

Answer 33

rib notching