Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ATPL mod 2 > HP Body > Flashcards

HP Body Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main circulation systems ?

A

1) Pulmonary - heart to lung. De-oxidised

2) Systemic - Heart to muscles. Oxidised.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What’s blood made up of ?

A

Red blood cells - oxygen

White blood cells - anti bodies

Plasma - waste

Platelet - heals/fixes skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is vasoconstriction and vasodilation ?

A

Vasoconstriction is when it’s cold and blood vessels get smaller, prevent oxygen getting to muscles.

Vasodilation is when vessels expand and try to give out heat, hence with you go red. Getting rid of anti bodies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 3 parts to the autonomic system ?

A

Sympathetic - reaction to threat

Parasympathetic - relaxed, easy digestion

Enteric - gut and digestion control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 2 types of nervous system ?

A

Central - Brain and spine

Peripheral - sense (5)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do nerve cells work ?

A

They work electrochemically. Voltage carried by ions through the system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are blood vessels made up of ?

A

Arteries - oxidised blood

Veins - de-oxidised blood

Valves - stop blood flowing back the wrong way

Capillaries - waste product out, oxygen into cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the 4 chambers of the heart ?

A

Left atrium - oxidised blood

Left ventricle - oxidised blood out to body

Right atrium - deoxidised blood

Right ventricle - deoxidised blood to the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where does internal respiration occur ?

A

It occurs at the cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where does external respiration occur ?

A

It occurs at the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the lung value for Tidal ?

A

500 ML

Volume inhaled and exhaled for each breath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the lung value for inspiratory ?

A

3100 ML

Extra air inhaled after standard amount inhaled. So like if you were panting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the lung value for expiratory ?

A

1200ML

Air that can be exhaled after standard exhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the lung value for residual ?

A

1200 ML

Amount of air needed to stop lung collapsing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is total lung capacity ? And what is is made up of ?

A

6000 ML

Tidal + inspiratory + expiratory + residual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is vital lung capacity? And what is it made up of ?

A

4800ML

Tidal + Inspiratory + expiratory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is inspiratory capacity ? And what is it made up of ?

A

3600 ML

Tidal + inspiratory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is function volume ? And what is it made up of ?

A

2400 ML

Residual + expiratory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the average pulse rate ?

A

70-75 bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the two blood pressure names ? What is the average blood pressure ?

A

Systole - blood flow at movement.
Diastole - blood at rest.

120/80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the name of high blood pressure ? What is it’s rate ?

A

Hypertension

140/90

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the name of low blood pressure ? What is it’s the rate ?

A

Hypotension

90/60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is it called when signals are sent to the heart about state of blood pressure ?

A

Baroreceptors/ pressoreceptor

24
Q

What is the partial pressure of O2 in our lungs at 10,000ft ?

A

55 mmHG

25
Q

What is the partial pressure of O2 in our lungs at MSL?

A

160mmHG

26
Q

What is the saturation level (percentage) of O2 at:

MSL

10,000

20,000

A

97.5%

87%

65%

27
Q

What are the total pressures at: (ft)

8000

18,000

36,000

A

543 mmHG

380 mmHG

187 mmHG

28
Q

What are the useful time of consciousness for:

20,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

A

30 minutes

1-2 minutes

30-90 seconds

15-20 seconds

29
Q

What are the 3 stages of Hypoxia ?

A

Reaction - 7000ft

Disturbance - 7000 to 12,000ft

Critical - 12,000 to 22,000ft

30
Q

Where is the cornea on the eyeball ? And how much light does it absorb ?

A

It is at the front, it is the point which absorbs the most light.
50 to 70 %

31
Q

Why do lens of the eye change shape ?

A

They change shape by the distance something is to the eye, and fatigue and age

32
Q

What is the liquid responsible for keeping shape of the eye ?

A

Vitreous humour

33
Q

Part of eye responsible for direct vision ?

A

Fovea

34
Q

What is Dioptres ?

A

All about effectiveness and reactivity of the lens.

Average dioptre is about 16-30

35
Q

What happens to the lens if an object becomes closer

A

It concaves

36
Q

What happens to the lens as object gets further away ?

A

They convex

37
Q

What is the name of the main nerve at the back of the eye ?

A

Optical nerve

38
Q

What controls eye movement ?

How many of them are there ?

A

Eye movement is controlled by muscles. There are 6 extracular muscles.

39
Q

What is it called when the eye vibrates/jerks ?

A

Saccade

40
Q

What do cones collect ?

A

Coloured light and alpha numeric information.

Red, Blue and green

41
Q

How long do cones take to adapt to light ?

A

7 minutes

42
Q

How long do rods take to adapt to light ?

A

30 minutes

43
Q

What do rods collect ?

A

Black and white light, works well at night and reduced light

44
Q

What is the eye made up of?

A

Cornea, aqueous humour, Iris, Pupil, lens and retina

45
Q

What are the 9 depth perception cues

A

Relative size, relative height, absolute or actual size, texture gradient, motion parallax, aerial or atmospheric perspective, linear perspective, overlap or interposition, shading and lighting.

46
Q

What is the blind spot ?

A

No image is picked up by cones or rods at optic nerve, so no impulse sent to the brain.

47
Q

What are the 7 eye medical problems ?

A

Colour blindness, refractive errors, astigmatism, presbyopia, cataracts, glaucoma, flash blindness.

48
Q

How is the ear split up and what are those sections like ?

A

Outer, middle and inner.

Air in outer and middle and liquid in inner

49
Q

What are the 3 causes of hearing loss ?

A

NIHL, Conductive hearing loss, Presbycusis

50
Q

How does balance work ?

A

It uses the vestibular system, visual and proprioceptive

51
Q

What is Decibel reading that will cause hearing loss ?

A

120 DB flash exposure and 80-95 for long exposure

52
Q

What are the three types of acceleration (G-force) ?

A

Angular, radial, linear

53
Q

If you go up what g do you experience ?

A

Positive G

54
Q

If you go down, what G do you experience ?

A

Negative G

55
Q

What can be done to prevent G symptoms ?

A

Wear anti-G suits, experience, tense muscles, lean back.

56
Q

What are the 4 barotraumas ?

A

Optic, sinus, gastrointestinal and aerodontalgia

ATPL mod 2 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions