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Threat Assessment and Management Strategies > Howlers and Hunters: Fredrick Calhoun/Stephen Weston > Flashcards

Howlers and Hunters: Fredrick Calhoun/Stephen Weston Flashcards

1
Q

Hunters and Howlers

A

Threats and Violence Against Federal Judicial Officials in the United States, 1789-1993
Frederick S, Calhoun

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2
Q

Impersonal Hunters

A

seek to gain some kind of attention to themselves or they seek a reaction from their target

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3
Q

Personal Howlers

A

seek to control or intimidate their targets. They use threats, confrontations, gestures, messages, symbolic acts, and loaded references as a way of getting the target to do what they want

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4
Q

Sinister Howlers

A

use threats, intimidation and ominous communication as psychological warfare against their targets

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5
Q

Binder Howlers

A

express their infatuations and obsessions toward their target

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6
Q

Hunters

A

Hunt

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7
Q

Howlers

A

rarely hunt

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8
Q

Sinister Howlers

A

communicate their anger in schools, on the job, and against public figures

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9
Q

Binder Howlers

A

delude themselves into believing they have or should have some emotional attachment to a school-or workmate or a public figure

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10
Q

Cross -venue nature of both hunters and howlers

A

strongly suggest that neither the target nor the setting defines who hunts and who howls

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11
Q

Watch & Wait

A

means unobtrusively monitoring the subject while waiting to see whether he or she will take additional actions in relation to the target

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12
Q

Third Party Control or Monitoring

A

requires identifying a reliable third party

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13
Q

Subject interview to gather information

A

seek to gain as much information as possible from the subject

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14
Q

Subject interview to refocus or assist

A

entails using a personal interview with the subject to explore ways the threat manager can help the subject resolve his or her problem

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15
Q

Subject interview to warn or confront the subject

A

is the most confrontational and of the interview approach

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16
Q

Civil Process

A

cease and desist, stay away order, protective order

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17
Q

Administrative orders or actions

A

used by organizations to discipline those within the company structure

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18
Q

Mental Health Commitment

A

can be used with subjects who display signs of mental illness and engage in dangerous behaviors

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19
Q

Arrest and Prosecution

A

can be used only when the subject as actually committed a crime

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20
Q

Informants

A

the first assessment to be made is the informant’s credibility

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21
Q

Hunters

A

usually show themselves by conducting research or engaging in surveillance or confiding their plans to someone or worse yet at the moment they breach security, by attacking

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22
Q

Howlers

A

reveal their hand by expressing themselves to their target or to others

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23
Q

Hunters

A

hunters who suddenly start howling no longer qualify as hunters

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24
Q

Fundamental question the threat manager should ask

A

is whether the subject is acting like a hunter or acting like a howler

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25
Q

Hunting

A

involves a process of incremental attack related behaviors

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26
Q

Hunters

A

Do not suddenly turn to violence Their behavior can be motivated by intense strongly held emotions, but their attacks are not spur- of-the moment actions

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27
Q

Anatomy of a Hunter

A

Bart Ross cancer patient, he blamed the hospital

28
Q

Anatomy of a Howler

A

RF, a federal prisoner

29
Q

Hunter or Howler

A

Calhoun concluded that the method of delivery used by the subject when communicating with federal judicial officials served as strong indicator of whether the subject is a hunter or a howler

30
Q

Sinister Howlers

A

frequently make direct, detailed threats. they offer elaborate descriptions of the death or injury that will befall their targets

31
Q

Personal Howlers

A

do not fear the consequences of their sinister communications because they know their targets and thus, have confidence in predicting the target’s reactions

32
Q

Grievance

A

is the motive or reason compelling the hunter to act

33
Q

Ideation

A

which require actually settling upon the idea that violence is justified or necessary

34
Q

Research and Planning

A

means going beyond the idea to actually figuring out how to consummate the violence

35
Q

Preparation

A

Involves obtaining the necessary equipment such as weapons of choice and takin any other actions requires to initiate the plan

36
Q

Breach

A

entails initiating the plan by circumventing the targets security

37
Q

Attack

A

is the actual physical assaults’

38
Q

Deitz

A

Found, hunters behaviors are observable if the threat manager know what to look for.

39
Q

Impersonal Howlers

A

do not know their targets

40
Q

Personal Sinister Howlers

A

Controller Howlers- use threats and inappropriate communications to control the behavior of their targets, usually a spouse, domestic partner or a family member

Intimidator Howlers - use threats and inappropriate communications to intimidate their targets, typically a supervisor, coworker, teacher, classmate or others within their social group

Dirty Trickster - Howlers - wants the target to think an innocent 3rd party made the threat in order to cause problems for the 3rd party

41
Q

Personal Binding Howlers

A

Seekers - try to establish an intimate relationship with their targets despite the targets continued rejection of the seekers attention

Maintainers- insistently try to reestablish a former intimate relationship with their target, but the target wants to end the relationship

Deluded binder - suffer from a delusion that they had a should have an intimate relationship with the target

42
Q

Personal Binders

A

do not intend violence against their targets as long as they remain convinced they have a chance to establish or maintain a personal relationship with the target

43
Q

Seeker Binders

A

usually become infatuated with a with a fellow student, coworker, neighbor, or relative and persistently try to initiate a closer relationship with the individual

44
Q

Seekers

A

frequently confuse themselves with suitors

45
Q

Deluded Personal Howlers

A

suffer from a psychological delusion that they have or should have a closer personal relationship with the target than they actually have

46
Q

Impersonally Sinister Howlers

A

are howlers who do know their targets but communicate with them in sinister or ominous ways can be grouped into six categories

47
Q

Impersonally Sinister Howlers

A

Self-defender Howlers - feel a target or an organization has attacked them and they need to defend themselves

Celebrity seeking Howlers - direct their threats and inappropriate communications to public figures or other celebrities precisely because of the targets public status

Habitual howlers - like to make threats as a hobby

Crusader Howlers- use threats to advance some personal cause

Copycat Howlers -are inspired to make threats and inappropriate communications by news reports of acts of violence or threatened acts of violence

Delusional Howlers- suffer a mental delusion compelling them to threaten their target

48
Q

Callow Binders

A

simply do not realize how inappropriate their communications with the target are

49
Q

Relationship Binders

A

draw great satisfaction simply from communicating with the target. Binders are happy with long distance communication because it gives them a connection to their target

50
Q

What Howlers Want

A

Use their communication to cause a reaction. Sinister Howlers seek fearful reactions from their targets

51
Q

Celebrity Howlers

A

unlike celebrity hunters, celebrity howlers did not change their method of communicating. Rather, they used their letters to express their intimate fantasies

52
Q

Intimacy effect

A

the value of threats as pre-incident indicators of violence increased in proportion to the degree of intimacy between the subject and the target

53
Q

Violence against Public Figures

A

Public figures are attacked without first being threatened in most cases studied

There is little motivation to threaten a public figure if violence is the desired outcome

Consequently, the research shows that threats are not good pre-incident indicators for violence against public figures

54
Q

Violence against Workplace Colleagues

A

Threats are more prevalent among coworkers than from other sources in the workplace

Most threat assessment professionals believe that threats among coworkers are important in determining level of danger

55
Q

Violence against School Officials and Students

A

Threats of violence in the school venue may more likely be in the form of leakage

Researchers are conflicted about how important threats are in the assessment of potential violence in the school venue

56
Q

Violence against Domestic Intimates

A

Threats of violence are common among intimate partners

Female intimate partners are less likely to threaten prior to violent attack

57
Q

Working with the Hunters and Howlers Concepts

A

James Kopp is a crusade Hunter (he killed Dr. Bernard Slepian because he conducted an abortion

Mark Chappman is a celebrity seeking hunter ( he killed John Lennon)

Jack McKnight is a self defending hunter ( killed at the federal court)

Dennis Rader aka BTK serial killer was a habitual hunter

58
Q

Hunters and Howlers—The difference

A

The hunters hunt and rarely howl; the howlers howl and only rarely hunt.

59
Q

INAPPROPRIATE COMMUNICATIONS

A

Many communications do not make explicit threats, but are nonetheless cause for concern. Report any communication that meets any single one of the following tests:

60
Q

THREATS

A

Report all threats of harm to the judicial Official or any other person received in writing, by telephone, through an informant, or verbally

61
Q

Nature of American Assassinations

A

First, the more powerful and prestigious the office, the greater the likelihood of assassinalion. Second, there is much greater likelihood that the occupant of or aspirant to an elected public olflce will he the victim of an assassination than will the occupant of an appointed position, even though the position may be a powerful one.

62
Q

Clarke’s greatest contribution to assassination theory is the suggestion that irrational acts need not be driven by irrational motives.

A

Of Clarke’s four categories, all but the psyehotic assassins are understandable in simple. layman’s terms.

63
Q

Park Dietz

A

Dietz found that “there was no association between threatening and approaching.”

64
Q

Dietz’s Risk-Enhancing and Risk-Reducing Factors for Hollywood Celebrities

A

Risk-Enhancing Factors
Writing ten to fourteen letters to the celebrity
Corresponding for one year or longer Expressing a desire to meet the celebrity faceto-face
Specifying a time that something would happen to the celebrity
Mentioning repeatedly entertainment products Making telephone calls as well as writing letters Mailing letters from two or more geographically different locations

65
Q

Risk-Reducing

A

Using tablet-like paper
Providing a complete return address Declaring a desire to marry, have sex with, or have children with the celebrity
Repeatedly mentioning other public figures Mentioning any sexual activity

Threat Assessment and Management Strategies (2 decks)

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