Howlers and Hunters: Fredrick Calhoun/Stephen Weston

Question 1

Hunters and Howlers

Answer 1

Threats and Violence Against Federal Judicial Officials in the United States, 1789-1993
Frederick S, Calhoun

Question 2

Impersonal Hunters

Answer 2

seek to gain some kind of attention to themselves or they seek a reaction from their target

Question 3

Personal Howlers

Answer 3

seek to control or intimidate their targets. They use threats, confrontations, gestures, messages, symbolic acts, and loaded references as a way of getting the target to do what they want

Question 4

Sinister Howlers

Answer 4

use threats, intimidation and ominous communication as psychological warfare against their targets

Question 5

Binder Howlers

Answer 5

express their infatuations and obsessions toward their target

Question 6

Hunters

Answer 6

Hunt

Question 7

Howlers

Answer 7

rarely hunt

Question 8

Sinister Howlers

Answer 8

communicate their anger in schools, on the job, and against public figures

Question 9

Binder Howlers

Answer 9

delude themselves into believing they have or should have some emotional attachment to a school-or workmate or a public figure

Question 10

Cross -venue nature of both hunters and howlers

Answer 10

strongly suggest that neither the target nor the setting defines who hunts and who howls

Question 11

Watch & Wait

Answer 11

means unobtrusively monitoring the subject while waiting to see whether he or she will take additional actions in relation to the target

Question 12

Third Party Control or Monitoring

Answer 12

requires identifying a reliable third party

Question 13

Subject interview to gather information

Answer 13

seek to gain as much information as possible from the subject

Question 14

Subject interview to refocus or assist

Answer 14

entails using a personal interview with the subject to explore ways the threat manager can help the subject resolve his or her problem

Question 15

Subject interview to warn or confront the subject

Answer 15

is the most confrontational and of the interview approach

Question 16

Civil Process

Answer 16

cease and desist, stay away order, protective order

Question 17

Administrative orders or actions

Answer 17

used by organizations to discipline those within the company structure

Question 18

Mental Health Commitment

Answer 18

can be used with subjects who display signs of mental illness and engage in dangerous behaviors

Question 19

Arrest and Prosecution

Answer 19

can be used only when the subject as actually committed a crime

Question 20

Informants

Answer 20

the first assessment to be made is the informant’s credibility

Question 21

Hunters

Answer 21

usually show themselves by conducting research or engaging in surveillance or confiding their plans to someone or worse yet at the moment they breach security, by attacking

Question 22

Howlers

Answer 22

reveal their hand by expressing themselves to their target or to others

Question 23

Hunters

Answer 23

hunters who suddenly start howling no longer qualify as hunters

Question 24

Fundamental question the threat manager should ask

Answer 24

is whether the subject is acting like a hunter or acting like a howler

Question 25

Hunting

Answer 25

involves a process of incremental attack related behaviors

Question 26

Hunters

Answer 26

Do not suddenly turn to violence Their behavior can be motivated by intense strongly held emotions, but their attacks are not spur- of-the moment actions

Question 27

Anatomy of a Hunter

Answer 27

Bart Ross cancer patient, he blamed the hospital

Question 28

Anatomy of a Howler

Answer 28

RF, a federal prisoner

Question 29

Hunter or Howler

Answer 29

Calhoun concluded that the method of delivery used by the subject when communicating with federal judicial officials served as strong indicator of whether the subject is a hunter or a howler

Question 30

Sinister Howlers

Answer 30

frequently make direct, detailed threats. they offer elaborate descriptions of the death or injury that will befall their targets

Question 31

Personal Howlers

Answer 31

do not fear the consequences of their sinister communications because they know their targets and thus, have confidence in predicting the target's reactions

Question 32

Grievance

Answer 32

is the motive or reason compelling the hunter to act

Question 33

Ideation

Answer 33

which require actually settling upon the idea that violence is justified or necessary

Question 34

Research and Planning

Answer 34

means going beyond the idea to actually figuring out how to consummate the violence

Question 35

Preparation

Answer 35

Involves obtaining the necessary equipment such as weapons of choice and takin any other actions requires to initiate the plan

Question 36

Breach

Answer 36

entails initiating the plan by circumventing the targets security

Question 37

Attack

Answer 37

is the actual physical assaults'

Question 38

Deitz

Answer 38

Found, hunters behaviors are observable if the threat manager know what to look for.

Question 39

Impersonal Howlers

Answer 39

do not know their targets

Question 40

Personal Sinister Howlers

Answer 40

Controller Howlers- use threats and inappropriate communications to control the behavior of their targets, usually a spouse, domestic partner or a family member Intimidator Howlers - use threats and inappropriate communications to intimidate their targets, typically a supervisor, coworker, teacher, classmate or others within their social group Dirty Trickster - Howlers - wants the target to think an innocent 3rd party made the threat in order to cause problems for the 3rd party

Question 41

Personal Binding Howlers

Answer 41

Seekers - try to establish an intimate relationship with their targets despite the targets continued rejection of the seekers attention Maintainers- insistently try to reestablish a former intimate relationship with their target, but the target wants to end the relationship Deluded binder - suffer from a delusion that they had a should have an intimate relationship with the target

Question 42

Personal Binders

Answer 42

do not intend violence against their targets as long as they remain convinced they have a chance to establish or maintain a personal relationship with the target

Question 43

Seeker Binders

Answer 43

usually become infatuated with a with a fellow student, coworker, neighbor, or relative and persistently try to initiate a closer relationship with the individual

Question 44

Seekers

Answer 44

frequently confuse themselves with suitors

Question 45

Deluded Personal Howlers

Answer 45

suffer from a psychological delusion that they have or should have a closer personal relationship with the target than they actually have

Question 46

Impersonally Sinister Howlers

Answer 46

are howlers who do know their targets but communicate with them in sinister or ominous ways can be grouped into six categories

Question 47

Impersonally Sinister Howlers

Answer 47

Self-defender Howlers - feel a target or an organization has attacked them and they need to defend themselves Celebrity seeking Howlers - direct their threats and inappropriate communications to public figures or other celebrities precisely because of the targets public status Habitual howlers - like to make threats as a hobby Crusader Howlers- use threats to advance some personal cause Copycat Howlers -are inspired to make threats and inappropriate communications by news reports of acts of violence or threatened acts of violence Delusional Howlers- suffer a mental delusion compelling them to threaten their target

Question 48

Callow Binders

Answer 48

simply do not realize how inappropriate their communications with the target are

Question 49

Relationship Binders

Answer 49

draw great satisfaction simply from communicating with the target. Binders are happy with long distance communication because it gives them a connection to their target

Question 50

What Howlers Want

Answer 50

Use their communication to cause a reaction. Sinister Howlers seek fearful reactions from their targets

Question 51

Celebrity Howlers

Answer 51

unlike celebrity hunters, celebrity howlers did not change their method of communicating. Rather, they used their letters to express their intimate fantasies

Question 52

Intimacy effect

Answer 52

the value of threats as pre-incident indicators of violence increased in proportion to the degree of intimacy between the subject and the target

Question 53

Violence against Public Figures

Answer 53

Public figures are attacked without first being threatened in most cases studied There is little motivation to threaten a public figure if violence is the desired outcome Consequently, the research shows that threats are not good pre-incident indicators for violence against public figures

Question 54

Violence against Workplace Colleagues

Answer 54

Threats are more prevalent among coworkers than from other sources in the workplace Most threat assessment professionals believe that threats among coworkers are important in determining level of danger

Question 55

Violence against School Officials and Students

Answer 55

Threats of violence in the school venue may more likely be in the form of leakage Researchers are conflicted about how important threats are in the assessment of potential violence in the school venue

Question 56

Violence against Domestic Intimates

Answer 56

Threats of violence are common among intimate partners Female intimate partners are less likely to threaten prior to violent attack

Question 57

Working with the Hunters and Howlers Concepts

Answer 57

James Kopp is a crusade Hunter (he killed Dr. Bernard Slepian because he conducted an abortion Mark Chappman is a celebrity seeking hunter ( he killed John Lennon) Jack McKnight is a self defending hunter ( killed at the federal court) Dennis Rader aka BTK serial killer was a habitual hunter

Question 58

Hunters and Howlers---The difference

Answer 58

The hunters hunt and rarely howl; the howlers howl and only rarely hunt.

Question 59

INAPPROPRIATE COMMUNICATIONS

Answer 59

Many communications do not make explicit threats, but are nonetheless cause for concern. Report any communication that meets any single one of the following tests:

Question 60

THREATS

Answer 60

Report all threats of harm to the judicial Official or any other person received in writing, by telephone, through an informant, or verbally

Question 61

Nature of American Assassinations

Answer 61

First, the more powerful and prestigious the office, the greater the likelihood of assassinalion. Second, there is much greater likelihood that the occupant of or aspirant to an elected public olflce will he the victim of an assassination than will the occupant of an appointed position, even though the position may be a powerful one.

Question 62

Clarke's greatest contribution to assassination theory is the suggestion that irrational acts need not be driven by irrational motives.

Answer 62

Of Clarke's four categories, all but the psyehotic assassins are understandable in simple. layman's terms.

Question 63

Park Dietz

Answer 63

Dietz found that "there was no association between threatening and approaching."

Question 64

Dietz's Risk-Enhancing and Risk-Reducing Factors for Hollywood Celebrities

Answer 64

Risk-Enhancing Factors Writing ten to fourteen letters to the celebrity Corresponding for one year or longer Expressing a desire to meet the celebrity faceto-face Specifying a time that something would happen to the celebrity Mentioning repeatedly entertainment products Making telephone calls as well as writing letters Mailing letters from two or more geographically different locations

Question 65

Risk-Reducing

Answer 65

Using tablet-like paper Providing a complete return address Declaring a desire to marry, have sex with, or have children with the celebrity Repeatedly mentioning other public figures Mentioning any sexual activity