How Were Advancements Made 1955-80?

Question 1

1964 key events

Answer 1

MLK won Nobel peace prize

Civil Rights Act passed

Question 2

1965 key events

Answer 2

Civil Rights voter registrations campaign
NAACP take Charlotte to court- ‘informal’ segregation in schools
Selma to Montgomery march in response to Feb shooting
Carmichael est. Lourades Country Freedom Org
Voting Rights Act

Question 3

1966

Answer 3

Govt census: 58.2% of BA registered to vote, 1980: 60%
Northern Crusade
Black panthers established

Question 4

1970

Answer 4

Emergency School Aid Act funds schools that are desegregating or struggled after desegregating

Question 5

1971 key events

Answer 5

Swann V Charlotte- Micklenburg Board of Education maintains policy of budding children out of poor areas to desegregate schools

Question 6

Legal challenge- NAACP

Answer 6

Set up in 1910 to gain BA their legal rights

Question 7

1926 Sweet Trial housing

Answer 7

Mob of whites gather outside sweet household in WA neighbourhood, 20 police but none respond to mob throwing rocks/ yelling racist epithets
Occupants fired shots and one of crowd died
Police arrest and charge 11 of the house ‘conspiracy to murder’
NAACP lawyer argued self defence and jury decided innocence

Question 8

1948 Shelley v Kraemer housing

Answer 8

Black family purchased home in St Louis- unaware racially restrictive covenants
Thurgood Marshall won Supreme Court trial and ruled racially based covenants not themselves unconstitutional but state enforcement as discriminatory
‘De facto’: practice didn’t change

Question 9

1950 Sweatt vs Painter education

Answer 9

Sup Court rule dividing students by race in graduate programmes violated legal standard of ‘Sep but equal’

Question 10

1954 Brown vs Board of Education of Topeka

Answer 10

Children attending BA schools further than white, argued it had a sociological basis and thus impacted constitutional rights