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Y1 CLASP - Cancer > How to treat cancer > Flashcards

How to treat cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What is radical treatment?

A

Treatment with curative intent that aims to eradicate a tumour

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2
Q

What is palliative treatment?

A

Non-curative treatment that aims to improve symptoms/quality of life and prolong life

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3
Q

What is adjuvant treatment?

A

Treatment given after surgery that aims to reduce the risk of recurrence

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4
Q

What is neo-adjuvant treatment?

A

Treatment given before surgery, usually to shrink a tumour before surgical removal

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5
Q

What is overall survival?

A

Time alive

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6
Q

What is disease free survival?

A

Time without any symptoms or signs of cancer

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7
Q

What is progression free survival?

A

Time living with cancer that is not getting worse

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8
Q

What is local control?

A

Time without recurrence or progression at a specific tumour site

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9
Q

What are the possible treatment end points?

A

Overall survival
Disease free survival
Progression free survival
Local control

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10
Q

What are the types of treatment?

A

Radical
Palliative
Adjuvant
Neo-adjuvant

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11
Q

What is the mechanism of action of chemotherapy drugs?

A

They stop cancer cells reproducing

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12
Q

What is the mechanism of action of alkylating agents?

A

Attach an alkyl group to DNA

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13
Q

What is the mechanism of action of platinum salts?

A

DNA cross-linking

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14
Q

What is the mechanism of action of anti-metabolites?

A

Interfere with DNA/RNA growth

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15
Q

What is the mechanism of action of taxanes?

A

Mitotic inhibitors

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16
Q

What is the mechanism of action of anthracyclines?

A

Interfere with enzymes for DNA copying

17
Q

What is the mechanism of action of topoisomerase inhibitors?

A

Prevent DNA strands unwinding

18
Q

What are side effects of chemotherapy?

A 
General (malaise, fatigue, lethargy)
Alopecia
GI (diarrhoea, nausea, mucositis/mouth ulcers, altered taste)
Haematological (neutropenia/low neutrophil count, thrombocytopenia/low platelets)
Peripheral neuropathy
Renal/liver impairment
Nail changes
Fertility changes, menopause
19
Q

What is the mechanism of action of radiotherapy?

A

Causing a double-stranded break in DNA to prevent cells from dividing and cause cell death

20
Q

What are acute radiotherapy side effects?

A

Fatigue
Erythema/desquamation (reddening and peeling of the skin)
Head and neck (mucositis, pain, odynophagia (pain when swallowing))
Pelvis (diarrhoea, cystitis (inflammation of the bladder))
Thorax/abdomen (oesophagi’s, nausea/vomiting)

21
Q

What are late radiotherapy side effects?

A 
Skin fibrosis/ulceration
Dysphagia
Bowel  dysfunction
Incontinence
Bladder instability
Pneumonitis (cough, dyspnoea)
Menopause
Infertility
Secondary cancer
22
Q

What is a radiotherapy prescription measured in?

A

Grays

Y1 CLASP - Cancer (4 decks)

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