How to take Radiographs Flashcards
Define Radiograph
A record of an image produced by transmission of x-rays through an object
Define Radiology
This the interpretation of a radiographic image.
Define Radiography
These are techniques involved in producing various radiographic images.
When were X-rays first used under clinical conditions?
1896
What is diagnostic information depend on? (4)
- Patient Preparation (piercings)
- Patient Positioning
- Radiation exposure (different teeth have different thickness)
- Image Processing
What are the 2 types of Radiograph?
- Single Plane
- Multiplanar
how to take a radiograph
CLEAN UP
Tooth and sensor should be as close together
as possible
The long axis of the tooth and sensor/film should be parallel to one another
The x-ray beam should be positioned so it meets the tooth and sensor/film at 900
The position should be reproducible
What is the most frequently taken intra-oral radiograph?
Periapical Radiography
Why do u need 2-3 mm bone all around the apex of a tooth?:
To see extent of legion that is affected
What are the two periapical radiography techniques?
Which one is preferred?
- Paralleling technique (Preferred)
- Bisecting angle technique
When does overlapping of a radiographic image occur?
NON PARALELL?
- Horizontal plane error
When does elongation of a radiographic image occur?
Vertical plane error
When does foreshortening of a radiographic image occur?
Vertical plane error
When would you use the Bisecting angle technique?
RECORDING
What indications would suggest taking a periapical radiograph? (4)
Detection of apical infection/inflammation
• Assessment of the periodontal status
• After trauma to the teeth and associated alveolar bone
• Assessment of the presence and position of unerupted teeth
What are the two types of occlusal radiography?
- Maxillary
- Mandibular
What indications would suggest taking a maxillary occlusal radiograph? (4)
Periapical assessment of teeth (if cannot tolerate IOPA)
Detecting presence of pathology (#, cysts)
Parallax for unerupted teeth
Fractures of teeth/alveolar bone
Assessment of antrum/roots displaced
What are the two subtypes of maxillary occlusal radiographs?
- Upper standard occlusal (60-70 ̊)
- Upper oblique occlusal
Why is it important to give a patient a thyroid collar?
To protect the thyroid tissue
What indications would suggest taking a occlusal mandibular radiograph? (4)
Presence of radiopaque calculi in submandibular salivary ducts
Buccolingual position on teeth/pathology
Expansion caused by tumours/cysts
Assess mandible width prior to implant placement
What indications would suggest taking a occlusal mandibular radiograph? (4)
Presence of radiopaque calculi in submandibular salivary ducts
Buccolingual position on teeth/pathology
Expansion caused by tumours/cysts
Assess mandible width prior to implant placement
What are the advantages of a panoramic radiography? (3)
- All the teeth and supporting structures can be shown in one image.
- Its very simple to carry out.
- Patients are able to tolerate this more than a periapical.
What are the disadvantages of a panoramic radiography? (5)
- Image Quality
- Operator dependant/ patient dependent
- Ghost images and superimposition
- Dose
- Magnification
What indications would suggest taking a panoramic radiograph?
3rd molar assessment prior to extraction
Orthodontics
Mandibular fractures
TMJ problems (changes in occlusion/trauma/change in range of motion)
Multiple extractions
Bony lesions/unerupted tooth which cannot
be fully visualised on intraoral images
In the case of a grossly neglected mouth.
What is the focal trough?
A three-dimensional area within which structures are reasonably well defined on the final image.
(Horse-shoe shape)
What do cephalometric radiographs use?
Radiograph is taken using a cephalostat
