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BCBA Flashcards > How To > Flashcards

How To Flashcards

1
Q

Questions to ask when conducting a preliminary assessment to see if there is a need for an intervention. (4)

A
  1. Does the Bx pose a danger to self or others?
  2. Does the Bx affect the clients well being? #EthicsDevil
  3. Does the Bx prevent the client from accessing less restive environments in various settings? #SeperatedFromPeers #LosingPlacement
  4. How does the Bx compare to same-aged, typically developing peers?
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2
Q

How to plan for generalization? (2)

A
  1. # RuleofRelevance

2. Variation/Situations, Examples/Non-examples - for after instruction

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3
Q

5 Phases of Assessment

In sequential order but often overlaping

A
  1. Screening and General Disposition.
  2. Define and Quantify the problem and criterion for goal
  3. Pinpoint Target Bx
  4. Progress Monitor
  5. Follow up
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4
Q

10 Questions when evaluating the habilitaiton/social significance of target Bx.

A
  1. Rule of Relevants
  2. Prequisits for functional skill
  3. Access (to environment) Bx
  4. Predispose significant others
  5. Pivotal Bx or Bx Cusp
  6. Age Appropriate
  7. Functional replacement Bx needed #ConstructivistApproach
  8. Goal or indirectly related
  9. Just talk? #Mentalist #Therapy
  10. Goal or help achieve goal?
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5
Q

Prioritizing Target Bx’s (9)

A
  1. Threatens the safety of others.
  2. Frequency #Opportunity4New #ProblemBxOccurance
  3. Longevity #ChornicBeforeNew
  4. Potential for high rates
  5. Importance for future #Development #Independence
  6. Negative attention from others
  7. Rx for Significant Others #EthicsDevil
    8 Likelihood for success - some Bx harder to change
  8. Cost-Benefit ration #time #effort
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6
Q

Guidelines for selecting and using stimulus preference assessments (3)

A
  1. Monitor learners activity #LookForMOs
  2. Cost-benefit #briefVSProlonged #DelayedRxIndentification
  3. Multiple assessment methods/sources #asking #FreeOperantObservation #TrialBased
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7
Q

Guidelines for Multiple Baseline Designs (5)

A
  1. Selection independent, yet functionally similar baselines.
  2. Select concurrent and plausibly related multiple baselines.
  3. Do not apply the IV to the next Bx too soon.
  4. Vary significantly the lenths of the multiple baselines.
  5. Intervene on the most stable baseline first.
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8
Q

Guidelines of Chaning Criteron Designs (3)

A
  1. Length of phases. HValidity w/ varied lengths
  2. Magnitude of criteron change. vary size of change
  3. Number of Criteron. More changers = more proof of experimental control
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9
Q

How to Identify/Address Practical/Ethical Considerations in Single Case Designs to Show Treatment Effectiveness (Baseline Trend) (4)

A

Problem: When data is not stable.

  1. Continue observations for a longer period.
  2. Try reversing the trend (DRO)
  3. Select designs that do not require stable baselines.
  4. Use statistical techniques that take initial trends into account
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10
Q

How to Identify/Address Practical/Ethical Considerations in Single Case Designs to Show Treatment Effectiveness (Excessive Variability in Data) (2)

A

Problem: Variability in data can obscure intervention effectiveness.

  1. Block consecutive data points / plot blocked averages, not day-to-day performance.
  2. Search for cause in variability or the situation. (Variations in Ex stimulu)
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11
Q

How to Identify/Address Practical/Ethical Considerations in Single Case Designs to Show Treatment Effectiveness (Duration of Phases ) (2)

A

Problem: Related to trend/variability in data

  1. No ridgid rules on the nuber of data points needed in each phase because the clarity and utility of a set of observations is a function of the data pattern in adjacent phases.
  2. Objective Criteria for deciding to switch phases. Redcues subjectivity.
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12
Q

How to Ensure a High Level of Treatment Integrity (3)

A
  1. Precise operational defintions of treatment procedure.
  2. SIMPLIFY, STANDARDIZE and AUTOMATE.
  3. Training and practice for conductors of experimental sessions #DetailedScripts #VerbalInstruction
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13
Q

How to Assess Treatment Integrity (3)

A
  1. Does implementation match written methods?
  2. Observation + Calibration?, Reteaching + Practice
  3. Reduce, eliminate or identify potential confounding variables.
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14
Q

Striefel’s 5 Steps of Imitation Training

A
  1. Assess and teach prerequisites skills #StaySeated #HandsInLap
  2. Select models for training (25 Bx, 1 @ a time)
  3. Pretest (ability to imitate choses models)
  4. Sequence models for training #easy2difficult
  5. Implement imitaiton training #preassessment #training #postassessment #ProbeForImitativeBx
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15
Q

Guidelines for Imitation Training (6)

A
  1. Keep training sessions short (10-15 min, couple times a day).
  2. Rx BOTH prompted and imitative responses. (Rx all attempts)
  3. Pair verbal praise and attention with tangible Rx #paring.
  4. If progress breaks down, back up and move ahead slowly.
  5. Record Data
  6. Fade out prompts
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16
Q

Guidelines for Shaping Bx (9)

A
  1. Assess terminal Bx and available resources.
  2. Select the terminal Bx.
  3. Determine criterion for success. #speed #accuracy #duration #magnitude
  4. Analyse response class. #IdentifyApproximations
  5. Identfy the first Bx to be Rx . (Bx should be occuring in some degree/ already member of response class)
  6. Eliminate interfering and extraneous stimulus.
  7. Proceed in gradual steps.
  8. Limit # of approximations at each level. #Bx2Established
  9. Continue Rx when the terminal Bx is achieved #DontLoseBx
17
Q

Chaining Steps (3)

A
  1. Create and confirm TASK ANALYSIS #CompetentIndividual #ExpertProfessionals #SelfPerform
  2. Assess Baseline Level of Mastered Steps #SingleOpportunity #MultipleOpportunity #TaskAnalysisAssessments
  3. Decide on Bx Chain Method #Forward #Backward(leaps) #Total
18
Q

6 ways to disrupt or break a Bx chain

A
  1. Extinction
  2. Satiation
  3. Unchaining,
  4. Interrupting the chain
  5. Substituting the Sd
  6. Extending the chain with time delays.
19
Q

6 Components of Experiments in ABA

A
  1. At least 1 subject
  2. At least 1 Bx
  3. At least 1 setting
  4. Treatment #IV
  5. A measurement system
  6. An experimental design
20
Q

Factors affecting the performance of a Bx chain (5)

A
  1. Completeness
  2. Length or Complexity
  3. Schedules of Rx #NumberOfResponsesNeeded
  4. Stimulus Variations #IntroduceAllPossible
  5. Response Variations
21
Q

Guidelines for using DRI/DRA (5)

A
  1. Select incompatable/alternative Bx
  2. Select Rxers that are powerful and can be delivered consistently
  3. Rx incompatabe/alternative Bx immediatly and consistently
  4. Withhold Rx for challenging Bx
  5. Combine DRI/DRA with other procedures
22
Q

Guidelines for using DRO (7)

A
  1. Select Rxers that are powerful and can be delivered consistently
  2. Recognize the limitations of the DRO #Non-targetChallengingBxIncrease #EthicsDevil
  3. Set initial DRO intervals that assure fequent Rx
  4. DO NOT inadvertently Rx other undesirable Bx
  5. Gradually increase DRO after consistent improvemets #Constant #Proportionally #Session2Session
  6. Extend the applicaiton of DRO to other settings/time of day
  7. Combine DRO w/other procedures
23
Q

Guidelines for using DRH/DRD/DRL (5)

A
  1. Recognize the limitaiton of DRH/DRD/DRL (DONT USE for dangerous Bx or when speed is needed).
  2. Choose most appropriate procedure
  3. Use baseline data to guide the selection of the Initial Response or IRT Limits
  4. Gradually thin the DRH/DRD/DRL schedules
  5. Provide feedback to the learner (DRL–>Interval–>Full Session
24
Q

Steps to Develope a Token Economy

A
  1. Select Tokens
  2. Identify Target Bx and Rules
    3 Choose Backup Rx
  3. Set up Exchange Ratio
  4. Develope Procedures for When Token Requirements are NOT met.
  5. Field Test

BCBA Flashcards (6 decks)

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