How Structure Influences The Properties And Uses Of Substances Flashcards

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1
Q

Three substance structures

A

Simple molecular, giant ionic and giant covalent.

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2
Q

Three strong bonded molecules

A

Ionic, covalent and metallic.

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3
Q

The bonds between the molecules are called

A

Intramolecular bonds.

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4
Q

Properties of intramolecular bonds …

A

They’re strong.

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5
Q

What is formed when different metals are combined?

A

Alloys.

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6
Q

What is a shape memory alloy?

A

An alloy that remembers is original state and returns to that shape when heated.

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7
Q

Properties of transition metals

A

Hard, tough and strong due to their metallic bonds.
Good conductors of heat and electricity.
High melting and boiling points.
High density.

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8
Q

Bonds between atoms are called

A

Intermolecular bonds.

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9
Q

Name three transition metals

A

Iron, copper and nickel.

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10
Q

They can be used to speed up chemical reactions because they can be used as…

A

Catalysts.

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11
Q

What is nanochemistry?

A

A branch of nanoscience, deals with nanomaterials and nanotechnology.

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12
Q

Nanoparticles are……..than regular atoms.

A

Smaller.

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13
Q

Nanoparticles are……than most molecules.

A

Bigger.

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14
Q

Nano particles have a……surface to volume ratio.

A

High.

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15
Q

What is polymerisation?

A

The joining of small molecules(monomers) into very large and long molecules(polymers)

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16
Q

Define polymer

A

Long chains of monomers.

17
Q

Define monomer

A

Small molecules.

18
Q

Substances that consist of simple molecules are called…

A

Solids, liquids and gases.

19
Q

Properties of solids, liquids and gases

A

Relatively low melting and boiling points.

20
Q

Substances that consist of simple molecules have only…….intermolecular forces

A

weak.

21
Q

When a substance is melted or boiled, what bonds are broken?

A

The intermolecular bonds.

22
Q

Molecule type that cannot conduct electricity

A

Simple molecules.

23
Q

Why can’t simple molecules conduct electricity?

A

They don’t have the overall electric charge.

24
Q

Ionic bonding is between

A

A metal and a non metal.

25
Q

Covalent bonding is between

A

Two non metals.

26
Q

Metallic bonding is between

A

Two metals.

27
Q

Covalent bonds act in a……..direction

A

Particular.

28
Q

What is a giant covalent lattice?

A

When covalent bonds in a compound are arrainged in a strong 3D shape.

29
Q

Name two giant covalent structures made from carbon

A

Diamond and graphite.

30
Q

What is an allotrope?

A

A different form of the same element in the same physical state(Carbon as diamond).

31
Q

Why can carbon have allotropes?

A

It has four outer electrons that form four single bonds to four others.

32
Q

Properties of giant covalent structures.

A

Very high melting and boiling points.
Strong covalent bonds.
Poor conductors of electricity(solid so not free to move).
Hard, strong and don’t dissolve in solvents like water.

33
Q

Describe the structure of graphite.

A

Joined hexagonal rings forming layers that are 1 atom thick.

34
Q

What happens to the fourth carbon electron in the outer shell?

A

It is delocalised or shared between the carbon atoms.

35
Q

Describe the bonding in silicon dioxide.

A

Each silicon atom forms four strong covalent bonds with the oxygen atoms.

36
Q

Describe the bonding of diamond

A

carbon atoms are strongly bonded to four other atoms in a pyramid shape.

37
Q

What is an ionic compound?

A

They have regular structures with strong electrostatic forces in all directions between oppositely charged ions.

38
Q

Properties of ionic compounds

A

High melting and boiling points.

Can conduct electricity when melted or dissolved in water(free ions)

39
Q

Why can metals conduct electricity?

A

The delocalised electrons allow them to.