How Structure Influences The Properties And Uses Of Substances

Question 1

Three substance structures

Answer 1

Simple molecular, giant ionic and giant covalent.

Question 2

Three strong bonded molecules

Answer 2

Ionic, covalent and metallic.

Question 3

The bonds between the molecules are called

Answer 3

Intramolecular bonds.

Question 4

Properties of intramolecular bonds …

Answer 4

They’re strong.

Question 5

What is formed when different metals are combined?

Answer 5

Alloys.

Question 6

What is a shape memory alloy?

Answer 6

An alloy that remembers is original state and returns to that shape when heated.

Question 7

Properties of transition metals

Answer 7

Hard, tough and strong due to their metallic bonds.
Good conductors of heat and electricity.
High melting and boiling points.
High density.

Question 8

Bonds between atoms are called

Answer 8

Intermolecular bonds.

Question 9

Name three transition metals

Answer 9

Iron, copper and nickel.

Question 10

They can be used to speed up chemical reactions because they can be used as…

Answer 10

Catalysts.

Question 11

What is nanochemistry?

Answer 11

A branch of nanoscience, deals with nanomaterials and nanotechnology.

Question 12

Nanoparticles are……..than regular atoms.

Answer 12

Smaller.

Question 13

Nanoparticles are……than most molecules.

Answer 13

Bigger.

Question 14

Nano particles have a……surface to volume ratio.

Answer 14

High.

Question 15

What is polymerisation?

Answer 15

The joining of small molecules(monomers) into very large and long molecules(polymers)

Question 16

Define polymer

Answer 16

Long chains of monomers.

Question 17

Define monomer

Answer 17

Small molecules.

Question 18

Substances that consist of simple molecules are called…

Answer 18

Solids, liquids and gases.

Question 19

Properties of solids, liquids and gases

Answer 19

Relatively low melting and boiling points.

Question 20

Substances that consist of simple molecules have only…….intermolecular forces

Answer 20

weak.

Question 21

When a substance is melted or boiled, what bonds are broken?

Answer 21

The intermolecular bonds.

Question 22

Molecule type that cannot conduct electricity

Answer 22

Simple molecules.

Question 23

Why can’t simple molecules conduct electricity?

Answer 23

They don’t have the overall electric charge.

Question 24

Ionic bonding is between

Answer 24

A metal and a non metal.

Question 25

Covalent bonding is between

Answer 25

Two non metals.

Question 26

Metallic bonding is between

Answer 26

Two metals.

Question 27

Covalent bonds act in a……..direction

Answer 27

Particular.

Question 28

What is a giant covalent lattice?

Answer 28

When covalent bonds in a compound are arrainged in a strong 3D shape.

Question 29

Name two giant covalent structures made from carbon

Answer 29

Diamond and graphite.

Question 30

What is an allotrope?

Answer 30

A different form of the same element in the same physical state(Carbon as diamond).

Question 31

Why can carbon have allotropes?

Answer 31

It has four outer electrons that form four single bonds to four others.

Question 32

Properties of giant covalent structures.

Answer 32

Very high melting and boiling points.
Strong covalent bonds.
Poor conductors of electricity(solid so not free to move).
Hard, strong and don’t dissolve in solvents like water.

Question 33

Describe the structure of graphite.

Answer 33

Joined hexagonal rings forming layers that are 1 atom thick.

Question 34

What happens to the fourth carbon electron in the outer shell?

Answer 34

It is delocalised or shared between the carbon atoms.

Question 35

Describe the bonding in silicon dioxide.

Answer 35

Each silicon atom forms four strong covalent bonds with the oxygen atoms.

Question 36

Describe the bonding of diamond

Answer 36

carbon atoms are strongly bonded to four other atoms in a pyramid shape.

Question 37

What is an ionic compound?

Answer 37

They have regular structures with strong electrostatic forces in all directions between oppositely charged ions.

Question 38

Properties of ionic compounds

Answer 38

High melting and boiling points.

Can conduct electricity when melted or dissolved in water(free ions)

Question 39

Why can metals conduct electricity?

Answer 39

The delocalised electrons allow them to.