How Science Works Keywords

Question 1

Deduction

Answer 1

A logical conclusion based on proof that is irrefutable

Question 2

Induction

Answer 2

a conclusion that makes sense (often based on observation) but is not irrefutable

Question 3

Hypothesis testing

Answer 3

Once a theory has been formed based on observations then a hypothesis is formulated so that it can be tested in empirical research

Question 4

Manipulation of variables

Answer 4

An IV must be manipulated so that it can be seen whether it has any effect on a DV

Question 5

Standardisation

Answer 5

Keeping the procedure and test conditions the same for every participant to help control EV’s

Question 6

Replicability

Answer 6

To be able to repeat the findings of an experiment so that they can be supported or refuted

Question 7

Controls

Answer 7

The elimination of EV’s as far as possible

Question 8

Quantifiable measurements

Answer 8

Data collected should be quantitative because it is objective

Question 9

Objectivity

Answer 9

All sources of bias should be eliminated, personal theories or expectations should not cloud judgement

Question 10

Falsification

Answer 10

The ability to falsify (prove wrong) any conclusion or claim

Question 11

Cause and effect

Answer 11

The ability to show that one factor actually causes a change in another (an effect)