How religion is defined

Question 1

3 main ways sociologist define religion

Answer 1

1. Substantive
2. Functional
3. Constructionist

Question 2

Berger - Sacred Canopy

Answer 2

Religion acts like a ‘sacred canopy’ to its believers as it protects them from all the dangers in the world.
Religion comforts its followers by answering ‘big questions’ they have about life’s uncertainties

Question 3

Several types of religions

Answer 3

1. Theistic religions
2. New Age Movements
3. Animism
4. Totemism

Question 4

Theistic Religions

Answer 4

• a belief in higher power that could be one God (monotheistic) or many Gods (polytheistic)
• supernatural power is source of beliefs around which religion revolves, & is seen as sacred by its followers

Question 5

New Age Movements

Answer 5

• Spiritual rather than religious belief system, focused on self-development & fulfillment rather than devotion to higher supernatural power
• These movements are often based on Eastern religions like Buddhism & Confucianism
• Postmodernism - New Age movements are on the increase

Question 6

Animism

Answer 6

• Belief in spirits and ghosts that can positively or negatively impact human & natural world
• Animistic religions tend to be more prevalent in pre-industrial & non-industrial societies
• Examples: paganism, ancient religions associated with Aztec, Native Americans & Azande people

Question 7

Totemism

Answer 7

• Form of animism where a community creates symbol (usually animal/ plant) that represents them as group. Symbol gains sacred (holy or special) significance & is believed to protect people it represents
• Durkheim (1915) - many religions include elements of totemism, which forms basis of his views of functions of religion