How one design flaw almost toppled a skyscraper - Alex Gendler Flashcards
topple
verb to (cause to) lose balance and fall down:
Syn: fall or knock over; overthrow collapse oust overturn plunge tumble unseat upset
skyscraper
Noun
a very tall modern building, usually in a city
syn:
tall building
high-rise
link:https://dictionary.cambridge.org/images/thumb/skyscr_noun_002_34107.jpg?version=5.0.170
occupy
verb
to fill, exist in, or use a place or period of time:
syn: be busy with : attend employ fill involve take up
reside; use: cover establish fill hold inhabit involve keep maintain own populate remain sit stay take up
seize, take over: capture conquer hold invade keep overrun
church
Noun
a building for Christian religious activities:
Syn: religious institution, building chapel mosque parish sanctuary shrine synagogue temple
stability
Noun
a situation in which something is not likely to move or change:
Syn: resistance of some degree: balance cohesion establishment security strength support
aesthetic
ADJ
relating to the enjoyment or study of beauty:
Syn: beautiful: artistic creative esthetic
architectural
ADJ
relating to architecture(the art and practice of designing and making buildings:):\
Syn:
structural
foundation
noun (BUILDING)
the structures below the surface of the ground that support a building:
Syn: basis for something physical or mental authority base bedrock groundwork infrastructure support
cross-laminated timber
เทคโนโลยีไม้แปรรูป Cross-Laminated Timber หรือ CLT ได้มาจากการนำไม้หลายๆ ชิ้น มาเชื่อมอัดเข้าด้วยกาวต่อกันเป็นชั้นเลเยอร์ ในลักษณะครอสแนวขวางสลับกันไปมาในแต่ละชั้นเลเยอร์ นั่นจึงทำให้มวลของไม้ CLT มีความหนาแน่น และมีความแข็งแรงในการรับน้ำหนักเกินกว่าไม้ทั่วๆไป และเมื่อนำมาใช้กับระบบการผลิตแบบดิจิตอลที่เที่ยงตรงแม่นยำ จะทำให้สถาปนิกสามารถเนรมิตโครงสร้างไม้ที่หลากหลายเกินกว่าที่คนเมื่อศตวรรษก่อนเคยจินตนาการได้
laminated
ADJ
consisting of several thin layers of wood, plastic, glass, etc. stuck together:
Syn:
flaky
timber
Noun
trees that are grown so that the wood from them can be used for building:
Syn: trees, wood: forest hardwood log
brace
Noun
something that is used to support or connect things, or to make something stronger:
Syn: support; fortify gird prepare ready
Tuned Mass Damper
Noun
A tuned mass damper (TMD) is a device consisting of a mass, a spring, and a damper that is attached to a structure in order to reduce the dynamic response of the structure.
lbs
Noun
Unit of mass
vulnerable
ADJ
able to be easily physically, emotionally, or mentally hurt, influenced, or attacked:
Syn: open to attack; accessible defenseless exposed liable ready sensitive susceptible unsafe weak
facade
noun (BUILDING)
the front of a building, especially a large or attractive building:
Syn:
appearance, often deceptive
construction
noun (BUILDING)
the work of building or making something, especially buildings, bridges, etc.:
Syn: creation, building; development manufacture plan planning structure system
joints
Noun
a place where two things are fastened together:
prevent
verb
to stop something from happening or someone from doing something:
Syn: keep from happening or continuing; avert avoid bar block counter forbid forestall halt hamper hinder impede inhibit limit preclude prohibit put an end to restrain restrict rule out stop thwart ward off
diagonal
Noun
a straight line that joins two opposite corners of a four-sided flat shape, such as a square
Syn:
angled;
crosswise
slanted
link: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/diagonal
motivation
Noun
the need or reason for doing something:
syn: ambition, inspiration; catalyst desire encouragement impetus impulse incentive inclination interest motive reason wish
pore over (something)
phrasal verb
to look at and study a book, document, etc. carefully:
Syn: learn; look; mull; peruse; read; regard; scrutinize; sift; study; lucubrate; contemplate; examine;
stumble across/on/upon sth/sb
Verb
to find someone or something
Syn: locate; detect discover establish pinpoint spot station strike uncover unearth uncover; bring to light crack discover divulge expose unearth unearth; ascertain bring to light determine discover dredge up excavate exhibit exhume expose find find out reveal uncover chance; detect; catch disclose distinguish encounter expose find identify notice observe recognize reveal see spot uncover
potentially
ADV
possibly:
Syn: conceivably; likely possibly probably
deadly
ADJ
able to harm you
Syn: causing end of life; bloody carcinogenic cruel dangerous destructive fatal harmful lethal malignant mortal murderous noxious pernicious poisonous savage suicidal toxic violent virulent ghostly; ghastly
oversight
Noun
a mistake
Syn: failure, omission; lapse mistake neglect care, supervision; control handling inspection maintenance management surveillance
densely
ADV
with a lot of things close together:
Syn:
dully;
heavily;
district
Noun
an area of a country or town that has fixed borders that are used for official purposes, or that has a particular feature that makes it different from surrounding areas:
Syn: geographical area; commune community department locality neighborhood parish precinct region section sector territory
feature
Noun
a typical quality or an important part of something:
Syn: characteristic; article aspect character component detail element factor ingredient item quality trait highlight, special attraction; innovation special article in publication; column item piece story give prominence to; advertise emphasize headline mark present promote spotlight star
numerous
ADJ
many:
Syn: many, abundant; big diverse great large plentiful various
precaution
Noun
an action that is done to prevent something unpleasant or dangerous happening:
Syn: carefulness; preventative measure; care caution insurance protection provision safeguard safety measure
ensure
Verb
to make something certain to happen:
Syn: guarantee; make secure; assure establish insure protect provide safeguard secure
chevron
Noun
a shape like a V or an upside down V, used especially on the sleeve of a police or military uniform to show the wearer’s rank, or on road signs in Britain to show a severe bend in the road
exoskeleton
Noun
a hard outer layer that covers, supports, and protects the body of an invertebrate animal such as an insect or crustacean
withstand
Verb
to be strong enough, or not be changed by something, or to oppose a person or thing successfully:
Syn: endure, bear; combat cope defy hold off repel resist ride out suffer thwart tolerate weather
encounter
Noun
a meeting, especially one that happens by chance:
Syn: chance meeting; confrontation interview rendezvous fight, argument; action battle bout clash combat conflict contest dispute quarrel run-in skirmish violence happen upon; bear bump into come across come upon confront detect experience face find meet run into suffer turn up fight, attack; collide confront engage face meet
warrant
Verb
used to say that you are certain about something:
Syn: guarantee, justify, authorize; affirm approve call for ensure explain necessitate permit require stipulate undertake uphold authorization; accreditation certificate credential license passport permission permit pledge sanction subpoena summons ticket
assure
Verb
to tell someone confidently that something is true, especially so that they do not worry:
Syn: convince, relieve doubt; encourage persuade reassure satisfy promise; affirm confirm guarantee vow make certain; confirm ensure guarantee insure secure
handle
Verb
to operate or control something that could be difficult or dangerous:
Syn: something to grip; knob shaft stem
nickname;
touch; check examine hold test try
manage, take care of; administer conduct control deal with discuss employ exercise govern operate play serve supervise take treat use utilize work
carry as merchandise;
offer
sell
approve
Verb
to have a positive opinion of someone or something:
Syn:
agree something is good;
accept
favor
allow, authorize; accept advocate agree authorize back certify confirm endorse establish license okay permit push for ratify recommend sanction sign support uphold
executive
Noun
someone in a high position, especially in business, who makes decisions and puts them into action:
Syn:
administrative;
managerial
person who manages an organization; administration administrator boss chief commander director entrepreneur government leader management manager officer official supervisor
reinforce
Verb
to make something stronger:
Syn: strengthen, augment; add to bolster boost build up buttress emphasize enlarge fortify increase shore up stress support underline
delicate
ADJ
needing careful treatment, especially because easily damaged:
Syn: dainty, weak; delicious delightful elegant exquisite fragile gentle graceful mild rare soft subtle tender
sickly;
fragile
slender
tender
fussy, discriminating; critical gentle refined sensitive
difficult, sticky (situation); critical precarious sensitive ticklish touchy tricky unpredictable volatile
careful, tactful; deft detailed precise sensitive
approach
Verb
to come closer in space or time
Syn: way, means of arriving; access path way
request, suggestion;
appeal
proposal
proposition
plan of attack, resolution; attitude concept idea manner means method mode procedure program style technique way
come nearer; come contact match meet near reach surround threaten
make request, suggestion; address advise feel greet
begin;
start
evacuation
Noun
the act of moving people from a dangerous place to somewhere safe:
Syn:
removal;
expulsion
withdrawal; departure exodus removal retreat
veer
Verb
to change direction:
Syn: change direction; bend deflect depart deviate diverge divert drift pivot shift skid swerve swing twist whirl
convert
Verb
to make different
Syn:
new believer;
disciple
follower
change; adapt; apply download modify remodel reorganize switch transform translate turn
change belief, especially regarding religion; bring lead move save turn
press
Verb
to push something firmly, often without causing it to move permanently further away from you:
Syn: people or person working in communications; journalist magazine media newspaper paper publisher reporter writer
horde, large group;
crowd
push on with force;
express
hold
squeeze
pressure, trouble; assail demand force petition push squeeze sue urge worry
strike
verb
to refuse to continue working because of an argument with an employer about working conditions, pay levels, or job losses:
to cause a person or place to suffer severely from the effects of something very unpleasant that happens suddenly:
Syn: hit hard; beat collide crash drive force knock pummel punch smack touch
make an impact; affect carry get hit move reach touch
find, discover; arrive at catch reach seize take
devastate, affect; afflict attack hit invade try
walk out of job in protest;
negotiate
stop
spanning
stretch over ยืด
reveal
verb
to make known or show something that is surprising or that was previously secret:
Syn: disclose, tell; acknowledge admit affirm announce concede confess declare divulge explain expose inform publish report tell
show, uncover; disclose display expose unveil
