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Foundations of Medicine > How Nerves Work > Flashcards

How Nerves Work Flashcards

1
Q

Membrane covering brains

A

Meninges

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2
Q

Solid parts of brain

A

Gyrus

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3
Q

Grooves of brain

A

Sulcus

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4
Q

Regions of brain

A 
Front: Frontal Love
Beneath Front: Temporal Lobe
Above cerebellum: Audio Cortex
Back: Occipital lobe + Visual Cortex
Top: Parietal Lobe
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5
Q

Spinal Chord composition

A 
8 Cervical
12 Thoracic
5 Lumbar
5 Sacral
1 Coccygeal
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6
Q

Structure of neuron

A 
Cell Body (Soma)
Dendrite
Axon Hillock
Axon
Axon Terminal
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7
Q

Types of nerves

A

Afferent (sensory)
Interneurons
Efferent (motor)

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8
Q

Types of Glia cells

A

Astrocytes (maintain external environment of neurons)
Oligodendrocytes (myelin sheath in CNS)
Schwann cells (myelin sheath in PNS)
Microglia (phagocytic cells clearing infection)
Ependymal cells (produce cerebrospinal fluid)

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9
Q

Define equilibrium gradient potential

A

Electrical gradient is equal and opposite to concentration gradient

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9
Q

Define equilibrium gradient potential

A

Electrical gradient is equal and opposite to concentration gradient

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10
Q

How is resting membrane potential formed?

A

Leaky potassium channels allow some potassium on the outer membrane
Electrical gradient forms, acting opposite and equal to concentration gradient

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10
Q

How is resting membrane potential formed?

A

Leaky potassium channels allow some potassium on the outer membrane
Electrical gradient forms, acting opposite and equal to concentration gradient

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11
Q

Graded Potential function

A

Depolarise cell to threshold and make it fire an action potential

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12
Q

How to depolarise gradient

A

Open Na+ or Ca 2+

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13
Q

How to hyperpolarise

A

open K+ or Cl-

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14
Q

Neurotransmitters that induce IPSPs

A

GABA + Glycine

15
Q

What channels generate EPSPs

A

Opening Na+ / K+ channels or closing leaky K+ channels

16
Q

What generate IPSPs

A

Opening Cl- channels or opening K+ channels

Foundations of Medicine (8 decks)

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