How Do We Measure Human Development? Flashcards
How do we measure human development?
GNI per capita, literacy rates, child mortality, life expectancy, HDI, global development gap
What is the HDI
Human development index. It is a score between 0 and 1. The closer it is to one, the more developed the country.
What is the development gap?
The gap between the most and least developed country
What is GNI per capita?
Gross National Income divided by the countries population
What are the country classifications?
Developed countries, Emerging countries and developing countries
What is a HIC
High income country
What is a LIC
Low income country
What is a NIC
Newly industrialised country
What are the BRICs
Brazil, Russia, India and China - key emerging markets, fast growing developing countries.
Why are some countries more developed than others
Environmental factors, historical factors (e.g. colonialism), debt and dependence on primary activities
What is colonialism?
When something gains partial/full political control over a country/area. It’s usually referred to as a country taking over another
What is absolute poverty
Absolute poverty is defined by the UN as earning less than $2.15 a day
What is relative poverty
Relative poverty is the condition in which people lack the minimum amount of income needed in order to maintain the average standard of living in the society in which they live.
What is the cycle of poverty?
Poor household -> Little Food, unclean water, no school -> Diseases and infections, no energy and skills to work -> Low productivity -> Low or no income -> Low self esteem, no personal control -> High child birth, sick elderly, more dependants and the cycle starts again
How many people live in absolute poverty?
650 million people (8% of the world’s population)
