How do we breathe. Part 2 Flashcards
What happens at the level of C6 vertebra?
Larynx becomes the trachea and pharynx becomes the oesophagus
In what regions of the body is the upper respiratory tract found?
head and neck
In what regions of the body is the lower respiratory tract found?
neck and chest
Where is the isthmus of the thyroid gland?
anterior to tracheal cartilages 2-4
Where is the chest cavity?
Located within the chest walls
Where is the parietal pleura?
body wall structure, adherent to the structures of the mediastinum and the internal aspect of the chest walls
Where is the visceral pleura?
around the lung - internal lining of pleural cavity
The pleural fluid which is secreted into the pleural cavity is used for what?
a lubricant and provides surface tension
Which fissure does the right lung have that the left lung does not?
Horizontal (superior to the oblique fissure and follows right rib 4)
What in the left lung is essentially the same as the middle lobe of the right lung?
Lingula (tongue of the superior lobe)
What do the ribs have for the intercostal NVB (VAN)?
costal groove on the inferior deep surface
All joints associated with the ribs are what kind of joint?
Synovial
What are the muscles of breathing?
external, internal and innnermost intercostal muscle which attach between adjacent ribs, diaphragm
What does the azygous vein drain?
posterior aspect of intercostal spaces
What supplies the posterior aspect of the ICS?
bilateral posterior intercostal arteries branches of the thoracic aorta
What supplies the anterior aspect of the ICS?
internal thoracic artery
What drains the anterior aspect of the ICS?
internal thoracic vein
Which hemi-diaphragm is more superior?
right (because of the liver on the left)
The muscular part of the diaphragm is supplied by what?
phrenic nerve
Where does the muscular part of the diaphragm attach to?
the sternum
the lower 6 ribs & costal cartilages
L1-L3 vertebral bodies
Where can the phrenic nerve be found in the neck?
on the anterior surface of the scalenus anterior muscle
What does the pleural cavity form?
a potential vaccum
What must the complete examination of the breast include?
all 4 quadrants, nipple, areola, axillary tail & the regional lymphatics
What supplies and drains the breasts?
subclavian and internal thoracic artery and vein
unilateral drainage to axillary nodes
bilateral drainage to parasternal nodes
What does the serratus anterior muscle do?
Anchors the medial border of the scapula to ribs 1-8
What happens if there is paralysis of serratus anterior?
winged scapula
What is the costodiaphragmatic recess?
most dependent part of the pleural cavity
Where is the costodiaphrgamatic recess?
located between the diaphragmatic parietal pleura and the costal parietal pleura
What is the most inferior region of the costodiaphrgamatic recess?
costophrenic angle
What can cause blunting of the costophrenic angles?
pleural effusion or haemothorax
Where would you auscultate for the middle lobe?
between ribs 4-6 in midclavicular line and midaxillary lines
Where would you auscultate for the lung apex?
superior to the medial 1/3rd of the clavicla
Where would you auscultate for the lung base?
in the scapular line at T11 vertebral level
Where is the scapular line?
Passes vertically through the inferior angle of the scapula
What is the long throracic nerve?
named nerve from brachial plexus supplies serratus anterior via superior surface
Where does the cephalic vein run?
In the delto-pectoral groove between the deltoid muscle and the pectoralis major
