How Do Things Get Around The Body? Flashcards
The circulatory system consists of?
Pulmonary and systemic circulation
What type of epithelium lines the capillaries and allows for quick diffusion of gases?
Simple squamous
Freshly oxygenated blood is first received by the?
Left atrium
The thickest layer of the heart wall is the?
Myocardium
The right atrioventricular valve is more specifically called the?
Tricuspid valve
The pulmonary semilunar valve prevent blood back flow from?
Pulmonary trunk in to right ventricle
Blood drains from the upper body in to?
The superior vena cava
The valve between the left atrium and left ventricle is called?
Bicuspid valve
The valves in the aorta and pulmonary trunk prevent back flow in the?
Ventricles
Some oxygen dissolves in plasma to be transported through the circulatory system, but most is bound to?
Haemaglobin
Why is it not advised to take your pulse from your thumb?
The thumb generates its own pulse
What does CO stand for?
Cardiac output
What does SV stand for?
Stroke volume
What is the cardiac output formula?
CO=HRxSV (Heart RatexStroke Volume)
Which direction do arteries carry blood?
Away from the heart
Which direction do veins carry blood?
To the heart
Artery walls are thick or thin?
Thick
Vein walls are thick or thin?
Thin
Arteries are round or flat?
Round
Veins are round or flat?
Flat
Arteries carry de-oxygenated blood?
Yes, pulmonary arteries
Veins carry de-oxygenated blood?
Yes, Systemic veins
Arteries carry oxygenated blood?
Yes, systemic arteries
Veins carry oxygenated blood?
Yes, pulmonary veins
Which vein carries de-oxygenated blood from the upper part of the body?
Superior vena cava
Which vein carries de-oxygenated blood from the lower part of the body?
Inferior vena cava
Where does blood go after it leaves right atrium?
Through the right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid) in to the right ventricle
Blood pumped in to the pulmonary trunk, which splits in to left and right pulmonary arteries is going where?
Lungs
A red blood cell travelling within pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins and then ends up in one of four pulmonary veins, the red blood cell then travels to which chamber of the heart?
Left atrium
The blood cell then travels in to which large chamber of the heart?
Left ventricle
Through which vessel does this red blood cell leave the heart?
Aorta
How does gaseous composition of blood change as it moves through pulmonary arteries, capillaries then veins?
The partial pressure of oxygen increases from 40-105mmHg Carbon dioxide has decreased from 45 to 40 mmHg
I.e as blood moves through pulmonary circulation it picks up more oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide
There is a valve between the right atrium and right ventricle, name this valve
Tricuspid
There are strong fibrous chords that attach to the flaps of the valve, what are these called?
Chordae tendinae
At the ends of the chordae tendinae they are attached to muscles that project from the ventricular walls, name muscles and state function THIS MINUTE!
Papillary muscle, contract to produce tension on the chordae tendinae, and thus the valves. This means the valves get pulled shut and blood can’t flow back in to the atria when ventricle contracts
The interior lining of the right ventricle contains visible ridges produced by muscle within the wall of the heart. What are these ridges and what do they do?
Trabeculae carnae, they increase turbulence and improve blood flow
At the base of the pulmonary trunk (where it leaves the heart) there is a valve spanning it, what is the name of this valve?
Pulmonary semilunar valve
What organ is the blood in the pulmonary veins returning from?
Lungs
Identify the two orifices leading in to the left ventricle, the left atrioventricular orifice and the aortic orifice, find the valves spanning these two orifices and name them?
Bicuspid (left atrioventricular valve) and aortic semilunar valve
The heart and blood vessels are components of the circulatory system, these system can be divided in to two parts?
Systemic and pulmonary
What is the systemic parts function?
Supplies oxygen and nutrients to, and removes wastes and carbon dioxide from tissues of the body. Blood flows from the left ventricle to all tissues in the body and back to the right atrium
What is the pulmonary parts function?
Supplies oxygen and nutrients to, and removes wastes and carbon dioxide from the lung tissue. Blood flows from right ventricle to lungs and back to left atrium
The wall of the left ventricle is much thicker then the right ventricle. Why does this difference exist?
Pulmonary circulation is close to the heart so the right ventricle doesn’t have to push blood very far, whereas the left ventricle is responsible for supplying blood to all other tissues in the body. Therefore the left ventricle has to generate a lot more power in its contraction, it also works against a higher pressure.
