Compendium 2 Flashcards
What type of epithelium: trachea
Pseudostratified ciliates columnar
What type of epithelium: thyroid
Simple cuboidal
What type of epithelium: large intestines
Simple columnar
Skin
Keratinised stratified squamous
What type of epithelium: capillary
Simple squamous
What type of epithelium: bladder
Transitional
What type of epithelium: oral cavity
Stratified squamous
What is the function of cilia and where in the body is it found?
They move the fluid adjacent to a cell. Found in the respiratory system
What is the name of the membrane that lies directly under the epithelium?
Basement membrane
What is the function of the basement membrane?
To anchor down the epithelium
What are the four types of tissue?
Connective
Epithelial
Nervous
Muscle
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
Skeletal- muscle attached to the bone
Smooth- stomach lining
Cardiac- heart muscle
What does SIMPLE mean in reference to epithelium?
A single layer of cells
What does STRATIFIED mean in reference to epithelium?
More than one layer of cells. The top layer may appear different in shape an the bottom layers
What does PSEUDOSTRATIFIED mean in reference to epithelium?
The appearance of more than one layer of cells, when there is only one layer of cells.
What do SQUAMOUS cells look like?
Thin, flat cells
What do CUBOIDAL cells look like?
Cube-like shape
What do COLUMNAR cells look like?
Tall, rectangular cells
What is the difference between most epithelial cells and TRANSITIONAL cells?
Transitional cells can change shape from tall cells to flat cells
What is cytoplasm?
The fluid within the cell that suspends all the organelles
What is cytosol?
Cytoplasm + all organelles (everything in a cell except the nucleus)
What is the cytoskeleton?
Protein filaments that give the cell strength, structure and support
What is an organelle?
Structures inside the cell specialised for a specific function?
What is the function of: nucleus
Regulates all cell function- houses the nucleolus
What is the function of: nucleoli?
Makes ribosomes and contains DNA
What is the function of: lysosomes
Breaks down molecules in the cell
What is the function of: ribosomes
Makes proteins by reading DNA codes during the transcription phase of protein synthesis
What is the function of: Golgi apparatus
Modify, sort and package proteins for secretion from the cell (or use by the cell)
What is the function of: mitochondria
Produces energy- powerhouse of the cell
What is the function of: centrosomes
Produce spindles during mitosis
Produce the cytoskeleton
What is the function of: rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Rough: creates proteins for the cell
Sooth: removes toxins from the system
What are the levels of organisation of the body
Chemical level-> cell-> tissue-> organ-> organ system->organism
