how do they work Flashcards
1
Q
sympathetic neurotransmitters
& key transmitters
A
- adrenaline
- noradrenaline
- catecholamines
key transmitters:
- alpha 1 & alpha 2
- beta 1, beta 2 & beta 3
these transmitters are activated by the neurotransmitters
2
Q
parasympathetic neurotransmitters
& key transmitters
A
- acetylcholine
- cholinomimetics
Key transmitters:
- nicotinic receptors
- muscarinic receptors
both activated by the neurotransmitters
3
Q
How the sympathetic transmitters work according to the tissue
A
- alpha 1: constriction of vascular smooth muscle & contracts papillary muscle
e. g can be used for resuscitation - alpha 2: inhibits transmitter release and insulin release
e. g can be used for urinary incontinence - beta 1: stimulates the rate/force of the heart
e. g can be used for heart failure - beta 2: resp & vascular relaxation, also uterine relaxation
e. g can be used for asthma
4
Q
important notes of sympathetic meds
A
- the most commonly used are beta 1
- Beta 1 will affect other receptors, including Beta 2, therefore side effects that can result from Beta 2 can also be seen in animals being treated with Beta 1
5
Q
common side effects of sympathetic meds
A
- tachycardia
- bradycardia
- AV block
- resp effects
- sedation
6
Q
Acetylcholine esterases inhibitors (AchEIs)
A
- three major classes: quaternary alcohols, carbamates & phosphoric acid esters
- included in rodenticides and insecticides
- TOXIC to animals, will cause CNS stimulation, excitation of skeletal muscle