How did William establish control (castles)? Flashcards
Where were most castles built?
East Anglia
South coast
Welsh borders
Why were castles built in specific locations?
Protect against rebellion (welsh borders)
Protect against invasions (Vikings- East Anglia)
Consolidation of Norman power (South coast-ports)
What were the 6 purposes of Norman castles and how did some of these differ to Anglo-Saxon castles?
- Bases for patrols in srrounding area (Anglo-saxon had built royal castles as defensive features)
- To attack angry Anglo-saxon who aimed to over-throw Normans
- Protect Norman nobility- protection for locals (Anglo-Saxon castles were built for the king)
- To symbolise Norman suppression of Anglo-Saxons as they were physically higher than the English (AS used them defensively)
- To intimaidate, bully and administrate local area
- To command the landscape in every direction (AS castles were knocked down
Where were castles built? (3)
- Sites of strategic importance – e.g. along the marchlands (the border between England and Wales; many Welsh people fought fiercely against the Norman invaders)
- Built near towns, on high ground, near roads/ river crossings and close to a water source
- Normans tried to take advantage of natural features – e.g. hills (to avoid having to build a man – made motte) or on a bend in a river (to provide a natural moat)
State 5 castles William personally ordered the construction of?
Colchester, Tower of London, Hastings, Windsor and Warick
Pickering Castle:
What was is built out of?
wood
Pickering Castle:
How was it structured?
How was it different to other castles?
There was a motte and the centre, palisades to surround the bailey and a keep on top of the motte
Unlike other castles, the bailey was divided into the inner bailey and outer bailey.
Pickering Castle:
What did the keep do for the castle?
The keep dominated the bailey and gave a clear view of the local area
When did William build his first Pickering Castle?
1069-70 when William faced major resistance from people in Yorkshire and Durham. The castle was used as a Norman base for the Harrying of the North.
What was Pickering Castles used for after the north was under contol?
- Still used to administer East Yorkshire
- Norman soliders stationed there to stop any further rebellion and defend the North from the Scots
Why was Pevensy a very strong defensive site for the Normans?
Originally the site of a Roman fort = strong defensive position+surrounded by marshes and a lagoon
How high was the curtain that the Romans left at Pevensy?
9.5m
