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The cold war > how did the cold war develop? (1941-58) > Flashcards

how did the cold war develop? (1941-58) Flashcards

1
Q

which countries were allies in the fight against Hitler’s Germany?

A

the USSR, USA and UK

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2
Q

when did WW2 take place?

A

1939-1945

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3
Q

how did the cold war have many of the characteristics of a traditional war?

A

military alliances were formed
huge arsenals of conventional and nuclear weapons were developed

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4
Q

what was the cold war limited to?

A

a war of words, fought through diplomacy, propaganda and spying

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5
Q

what did the USA, UK and other allies do in the closing stages of WW2?

A

freed western Europe from German occupation

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6
Q

what did the soviet red army do towards the end of WW2?

A

take control of most of Eastern Europe

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7
Q

what did the soviet red army’s actions towards the end of WW2 lead to?

A

Europe being split in 2, with a capitalist and democratic west and a communist east

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8
Q

when was Franklin D. Roosevelt president of the USA?

A

1933-1945

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9
Q

when was Harry S. Truman president of the USA?

A

1945-1953

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10
Q

hen was Dwight D. Eisenhower president of the USA?

A

1953-1961

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11
Q

when was John F. Kennedy president of the USA?

A

1961-1963

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12
Q

when was Lyndon B. Johnson president of the USA?

A

1963-1969

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13
Q

when was Richard M. Nixon president of the USA?

A

1969-1974?

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14
Q

when was Gerald R. Ford president of the USA?

A

1974-1977

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15
Q

when was Jimmy Carter president of the USA?

A

1977-1981

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16
Q

when was Ronald Reagan president of the USA?

A

1981-1989

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17
Q

when was Joseph Stalin premier of the USSR?

A

1924-1953

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18
Q

when was Georgy Malenkov premier of the USSR

A

1953-1953

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19
Q

when was Nikita Krushchev premier of the USSR?

A

1953-1964

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20
Q

when was Leonid Brezhnev premier of the USSR?

A

1964-1982

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21
Q

when was Yuri Andropov premier of the USSR?

A

1982-1984

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22
Q

when was Konstantin Chernenko premier of the USSR?

A

1984-1985

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23
Q

when was Mikhail Gorbachev president of the USSR?

A

1985-1991

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24
Q

what was the cold war?

A

a conflict in which the USA and USSR never actually declared war on each other as they knew any war would be nuclear and unwinnable

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25
Q

what were Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin referred to as and why?

A

the big three, since it was their beliefs and ambitions that dominated world politics from 1941 until Roosevelt’s death in 1945

26
Q

what were politics in the USSR like?

A

single party rule

27
Q

what was social structure in the USSR like?

A

classless society, everyone is equal

28
Q

what was economy like in the USSR?

A

all property owned by the state not individuals

29
Q

what were rights like in the USSR?

A

rights of all workers were focused on more than rights of individual people

30
Q

what were politics like in the USA?

A

free elections with a choice of parties

31
Q

what was social structure like in the USA?

A

some people have more power than others (because of family, background, wealth, education or achievements)

32
Q

what was economy like in the USA?

A

private ownership and a competitive workplace

33
Q

what were rights like in the USA?

A

individual freedoms valued but limited by majority opinion

34
Q

what was the grand alliance formed for in 1941?

A

to mastermind the defeat of Germany and Japan in the second world war. The alliance was formed when 4 million German troops invaded the USSR in June 1941- despite a non-aggression pact between Germany and the Soviet Union

35
Q

when did the Tehran conference take place?

A

28th November-1st December 1943

36
Q

what was the 1943 Tehran conference designed to do?

A

make plans for the eventual reconstruction of Europe when the war was over

37
Q

who attended the 1943 Tehran conference?

A

Stalin, Churchill and Roosevelt

38
Q

what was decided at the 1943 Tehran conference?

A

when the war was over, the USSR would have a sphere of influence in Eastern Europe where communism would be respected and the USSR held influence whilst Western Europe would be a British/American sphere of influence where Capitalism would be dominant and the USA and UK would have influence

39
Q

what did the big three not agree on at the 1943 Tehran conference?

A

Germany’s future, Stalin wanted Germany to br punished for starting the world war and argued for Germany to give up territory and pay reparations. However Roosevelt and Churchill both believed that Germany should be rebuilt

40
Q

why did Stalin want Germany to pay reparations?

A

so that they could never be a threat to the Soviet Union again

41
Q

why did Churchill and Roosevelt no want Germany to pay reparations?

A

they believed that one of the root causes of the second world war was the economic problems that Germany had had to endure as a result of its harsh treatment after the end of the first world war. They believed that for Europe to be peaceful they should not make the same mistake again and that Europe therefore needed a prosperous Germany

42
Q

what was Stalin’s ultimate aim at the Tehran conference?

A

to secure his eastern border after the war

43
Q

what was the impact of the Tehran conference on relations?

A

there was some tension between the USA and UK as Roosevelt sided with Stalin on several matters- like where the a new front should be opened, however tensions between Stalin and Roosevelt decreased

44
Q

what was decided during the Tehran conference in 1943?

A

-UK and USA would open a second front by invading Nazi occupied France in 1944
-The Soviet union would simultaneously mount an attack on Germany from the east
-the soviet union would declare war on Japan once Germany was defeated
-a united nations organisation was to be set up after the war
-Stalin was promised the lands that the USSR had lost to Poland in 1920

45
Q

when was the Yalta conference?

A

4th-11th February 1945

46
Q

what did the 1945 Yalta conference mark?

A

a high point in relations between the Grand alliance as many things were agreed at this conference

47
Q

what figure was put forwards for reparations?

A

$20 billion

48
Q

what was Stalin keen to do at the 1945 Yalta conference?

A

cripple Germany

49
Q

what did the big three agree would happen in April 1945?

A

another conference, held in San Fransisco

50
Q

when did the Potsdam conference take place?

A

17th July- 2nd August 1945

51
Q

who attended the Potsdam conference?

A

Harry Truman, Clement Attlee, Joseph Stalin

52
Q

when did Germany surrender?

A

May 1945

53
Q

when was the USA atomic bomb developed?

A

1945

54
Q

when did US scientists successfully test the new atomic bomb?

A

the day before the Potsdam conference

55
Q

when was the United Nations created?

A

June 1945

56
Q

what was Truman determined to do at the 1945 Potsdam conference?

A

take a get tough approach with Stalin, he deliberately delayed the date of the conference until the atomic bomb was ready

57
Q

why did Truman delay the Potsdam conference?

A

he thought that having a working atomic bomb would give him an edge in discussions

58
Q

what did the defeat of Germany take away?

A

the need to work towards a common enemy

59
Q

what happened on the 6th August 1945?

A

the USA exploded an atomic bomb over the Japanese city of Hiroshima

60
Q

how many Japanese citizens were killed as a result of the 2 atomic bombs dropped?

A

over 120,000

61
Q

when had Stalin begun instructing his scientists to start work on an Atomic bomb?

A

1940

The cold war (2 decks)

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