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Computer Science > How Computers Work > Flashcards

How Computers Work Flashcards

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1
Q

Examples of a computer

A

Robots
Phones
Coffee machines
Modern appliances

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2
Q

How does a computer work?

A

by receiving data through an input unit based on the instructions it is given and after it processes the data, it sends it back through an output device

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3
Q

What are the 4 main functions of a computer

A

Input
Processing
Memory
Output

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4
Q

What is an input

A

Information or data that is sent to a computer for processing.

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5
Q

Examples of an input?

A

Mouse
Keyboard

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6
Q

How do you establish a connection from an input device to a computer?

A

A physical port.

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7
Q

What does CPU mean?

A

Central Processing Unit.

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8
Q

What is a CPU?

A

The electrical circuitry in a computer responsible for executing instruction sets derived from programs that have been converted into machine code.

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9
Q

What does IPC stand for?

A

Instructions per clock.

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10
Q

What is the clock rate measured in?

A

Hertz.

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11
Q

What does IPS stand for?

A

Instructions per second

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12
Q

The clock rate and IPC (Instructions Per Clock) make up the what?

A

The IPS (Instructions Per Second).

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13
Q

The IPS (Instructions Per Second) measures what?

A

CPU performance.

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14
Q

What does CU stand for?

A

Control Unit.

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15
Q

What is the CU (Control Unit)?

A

A component of the CPU (Central Processing Unit) that directs the operation of the processor.

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16
Q

What does ALU stand for?

A

Arithmetic Logic Unit.

17
Q

What is the ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)?

A

A digital circuit within the processor that performs integer arithmetic and bitwise logic operations.

18
Q

What is Binary?

A

A number system of 1’s and 0’s which serves as a textual representation method for giving instructions to a computers CPU.

19
Q

In computing and telecommunications, binary codes are used for what?

A

Various methods of encoding data

20
Q

What device sends out regular pulses, and components such as transistors switch on (1) or off (0) to pass or block the pulses?

A

A clock.

21
Q

“0” represents what?

A

No flow of electricity or “off”.

22
Q

“1” represents what?

A

Electricity being allowed to flow or “on”

23
Q

Binary digits can be grouped together into what?

A

Bytes

24
Q

Bit is short for?

A

Binary digit.

25
Q

Binary codes activate the what?

A

CPU (Central Processing Unit).

26
Q

The processor executes the what?

A

The binary.

Computer Science (5 decks)

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