How bonding and structure are related to the properties of the substances

Question 1

The three states of matter:

Answer 1

solid, liquid and gas

Question 2

What takes place at the melting point?

Answer 2

melting and freezing

Question 3

What takes place at the boiling point?

Answer 3

boiling and condensing

Question 4

What is the Particle Theory?

Answer 4

• the amount of energy needed to change state from solid–>liquid and liquid–>gas depends on the strength of the forces between the particles of the substance.
• nature of particles depends on the type of bonding and structure of the substance.
• the stronger the forces between the particles, the higher the melting and boiling point of the substance.

Question 5

What are the state symbols for the states of matter?

Answer 5

solid (s)
liquid (l)
gas (g)
aqueous solution (aq)

Question 6

Properties of ionic compounds:

Answer 6

• regular structures have strong electrostatic forces of attraction in all directions between oppositely charged ions.
• high melting and boiling points because a lot of energy is required to break the many strong bonds.
• when melted or dissolved in water, they conduct electricity because ions are free to move and carry current. This is the opposite as a solid because the ions are fixed in place.

Question 7

Properties of small molecules:

Answer 7

• usually gases or liquid that have low melting and boiling points
• weak intomolecular forces between molecules which are broken in boiling or melting
• dont conduct electricity because they do not have an overall electric charge

Question 8

Why do large molecules have have higher melting and boiling points than small molecules?

Answer 8

intermolecuar forces increase with the size of the molecule

Question 9

Properties of polymers:

Answer 9

• has very large molecules
• atoms are linked to other atoms by strong covalent bonds
• intermolecular forces are relatively strong so these substances are solid at room temperature

Question 10

Properties of metals

Answer 10

• have giant structures of atoms with strong metallic bonding.
• high melting and boiling points
• the layers of atoms are able to slide over each other, so metals can be bent and shaped, which can make them less useful

Question 11

Properties of Alloys:

Answer 11

• made from 2 or more different types of metals
• the different sized atoms distort the layers in the structure, making it harder for them to slide over each other, so alloys are harder than pure metals.

Question 12

Metals as conductors:

Answer 12

• good conducters of electricity because the delocalised electrons in the metal carry electrical charge through the metal
• good conducters of thermal energy because energy is transferred by the delocalised electrons