Housing Flashcards
What are the different types of housing environments?
Climatic - open barns
Controlled
Micro
What is the thermoneutral zone?
When the outside temperature doesn’t affect the metabolic rate of an animal
What is the normal thermoneutral zone?
18-24 degrees
What are the upper and lower limits called?
Upper/lower critical temps
Which animals have a narrow thermoneutral zone (TNZ) and why?
Pigs and poultry because they adjust their food intake to meet metabolic need
Which animals have a wide thermoneutral zone (TNZ) and why?
Ruminants because they regulate heat loss with insulation from their coats
What should the maximum rate of airflow be?
30cm/second
What should thermal transmittance be?
Less than 0.5 for an insulated building
What are the main insulation materials?
Rockwool
Polystyrene
Polyurethane foam
What is the minimum ventilation rate?
5 air changes/hour
What is the recommended maximum amount of ammonia?
20ppm
What are the limits for hydrogen sulphide and where is it often high levels?
0.5ppm
Emptying slurry tanks
What are the minimum passageway widths for cows?
1m for one way
- 1m for two way
- 8m for feeding passage
WHat is the minimum trough feeding space?
70cm
How many cubicles doe you need for cows?
Minimum 105% but more if facing other cubicles as cows dont like facing others
What do cubicles have to stop cows gong too far forward?
Brisket board and head rail
What is the space requirement in a straw barn?
7.5-10m2
How big is a calving box?
4m2
How big is a bull pen?
4m2
Walls - solid and rails to 2.2m
When must calves stop being individually housed?
8 weeks
WHat are the different types of beef rearing systems?
Intensive - 12-18 months finished
Extensive - 20-30
Suckler - 18-30
How big is calf pen space?
1.5m2 to 150kg
3m2 for >300kg
What air space does a calf have?
6m3 to 6 weeks
WHat must veal calves have?
They are fed milk but must have
Water
100g of forage from 2 weeks
What is the max exposure to dust?
- 4mg/m3 total dust
1. 7 respirable
What size particle deposits in the lower resp tract?
<7um
What are the different ventilation systems?
Ridge outlet - stack effect (warm air rising)
Side air inlets
Convectional - fan in top
Tunnel ventilation - cool air pulled through building
Transitional - everything
How many lux is bright sunlight?
100000 lux
Which animals need extended spectrum lighting?
Birds and reptiles
What is the minimum lux for birds?
20
What is the minimum straw bedding space for ewes?
1.3m2
What is the minimum feeding space for ewes?
0.5m per ewe
What different types of pig housing is there?
Outdoor
Small static groups
Large dynamic groups
How big are farrowing crates?
6m2
Nests are a bit bigger - 12m2
When are piglets weaned?
2-3 weeks
