Hours 3-4

Question 1

define quality? the official definition for class?

Answer 1

the degree to which health services for individuals and populations increase like the likelihood of desired health outcomes and are consistent with current professional knowledge; the six domains and the definition from JHCF: it is the right care, at the right time, every time

Question 2

what are the implications of quality?

Answer 2

1) ranges on a continuum form unacceptable to excellent
2) focus is on services provided by the health care delivery system
3) may be evaluated from the perspective of individuals and populations or communities
4) emphasis is on desired health outcomes, and scientific research must ID services that improve health outcomes

Question 3

what are the three issues with healthcare?

Answer 3

cost, access and quality

Question 4

what do we want health policy to achieve?

Answer 4

accessibility, cost, quality, desired outcome, and value

Question 5

what are the six domains of health care quality?

Answer 5

safe, effective, patient-centered, timely, efficient, and equitable

Question 6

in terms of domain health care quality, define safe?

Answer 6

Avoiding harm to patients from the care that is intended to help them.

Question 7

in terms of domain health care quality, define effective?

Answer 7

Providing services based on scientific knowledge to all who could benefit and refraining from providing services to those not likely to benefit (avoiding underuse and misuse, respectively).

Question 8

in terms of domain, define patient-centered?

Answer 8

Providing care that is respectful of and responsive to individual patient preferences, needs, and values and ensuring that patient values guide all clinical decisions.

Question 9

in terms of domain, define timely?

Answer 9

Reducing waits and sometimes harmful delays for both those who receive and those who give care.

Question 10

in terms of domain, define efficient?

Answer 10

Avoiding waste, including waste of equipment, supplies, ideas, and energy.

Question 11

in terms of domain, define equitable?

Answer 11

Providing care that does not vary in quality because of personal characteristics such as gender, ethnicity, geographic location, and socioeconomic status.

Question 12

what is the overall ranking of the US in health care system performance rankings?

Answer 12

11

Question 13

what does the US do okay in healthcare?

Answer 13

colon cancer survival rate; mammography; breast cancer; influenza vaccination

Question 14

things the US can do better?

Answer 14

volume of antibiotics, obstetric trauma w and w/o instruments; DTP vaccination; measles vaccination

Question 15

in terms of healthcare, what do politicians like to talk about?

Answer 15

neonatal death rates and life expectancy

Question 16

number of people uninsured in 2010 vs 2016?

Answer 16

49.9 million people in 2010; 28.1 million people in 2016

Question 17

from the US OECD Rankings/100000 population, how does the US rank in transport accidents and suicides?

Answer 17

34/36; 25/37

Question 18

what is the major cause of death in the US?

Answer 18

Drug poisonings, Firearm-related injuries and multivehicle crashes account for 48% of the gap in life-expectancy at birth between the US and 12 other comparable countries (2012 data)

Question 19

OECD rank for infant mortality back in 2013?

Answer 19

31; 5/1000 births

Question 20

what is OECD definition of infant mortality rates?

Answer 20

The infant mortality rate is defined as the number of deaths of children under one year of age, expressed per 1 000 live births.

Question 21

in terms of quality issues, how many people died in 2000 due to what?what was the ranking?estimated cost?

Answer 21

preventable death; eighth leading cause of death; estimated cost between 17 and 29 billion

Question 22

what were the top causes of mortality according to Makary,2016?

Answer 22

heart disease (611,000+), cancer(585,000+), medical errors(250,000+)