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hot intelligences Flashcards

1
Q

what are hot intelligences?

A

alternative theories that focus on being ‘streetwise’ rather than booksmart

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2
Q

what fostered the notion of hot intelligences

A

there were so many examples of people who had performed poorly in school that ended up being very successful in life - cognitive ability isnt everything

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3
Q

what are the 4 types of hot intelligences? - include names of resarchers

A
  • social intelligence (thorndike, 1920)
  • multiple intelligences (gardner, 1999)
  • practical intelligence (sternberg, 1985)
  • emotional intelligence (salovey, mayer, goleman, 1990)
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4
Q

what were the 2 original domains of social intelligence?

A
  • ability to manage others

- act wisely in relationships

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5
Q

what was thorndike the first to do

A

think of something else that was not a traditional part of intelligence

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6
Q

why is social intelligence important?

A
  • it tells us something more about intelligence as academic and cognitive abilities are not the perfect predictors of performance
  • helps us to understand social disorders where cognitive skills failed to distinguish between healthy and mentally impaired individuals
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7
Q

what problems are there with social intelligence?

A
  • how do we measure it? -
  • it is very subjective and we are sometimes not insightful about ourselves and may not answer truthfully.
  • early measures of SI correlated with academic intelligence.
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8
Q

“social intelligence eludes from formal standardized conditions of the testing laboratory” - who?

A

Thorndike (1920)

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9
Q

ford and tisak (1983) did what?

A

designed and tested a psychometrically coherent social intelligence scale on a sample of 600 participants

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10
Q

what 5 dimensions of social intelligence did ford and tisak (1983) develop from their testing?

A
  • interest and concern for other people
  • social performance skills
  • empathic ability
  • emotional expressiveness and sensitivity to others emotional expression
  • social anxiety and lack of social self-efficacy
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11
Q

were ford and tisak’s dimensions related to cognitive abilities?

A

no.

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12
Q

what is there dispute over in testing of SI?

A

the number of dimensions:
sternberg - 2
steinberg - 7

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13
Q

who developed the theory of multiple intelligence’s?

A

Gardner (1983, 1999).

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14
Q

what are gardners views?

A
  • supports thurstones idea that intelligence comes in multiple forms
  • brain damage could dimish one type of ability but not others
  • 8 different intelligences
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15
Q

what are the criticisms of gardners multiple intelligences?

A
  • its hard to measure things like musical intelligence
  • he had no evidence to support his notion of multiple independant intelligences
  • the list of intelligences is probably not representative of the real number of abilities
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16
Q

what did De Visser (2006) find from testing multiple intelligences?

A

that many of the ‘independant’ factors were positively correlated with each other eg spatial ability correlated with local/mathematical ability

17
Q

what was wrong with the way that gardner tested his theory?

A

he measured preferences rather than skills eg questions like - i prefer …
this was unsophisticated and unreliable

18
Q

what is the notion behind practical intelligence (sternberg)

A
  • agrees with the need for multiple intelligence but suggests 3 rather than 8
  • no one is good at everything or nothing so there is no point in talking about g.
19
Q

what are the 3 subcomponents of practical intelligence?

A
  • componential
  • experiential
  • contextual
20
Q

emotional intelligence is routed in the works of…

A

Thorndike

21
Q

what are criticisms of practical intelligence?

A

relationships between subtheories are not specified which made it difficult to measure the model

22
Q

who were the main researchers of emotional intelligence?

A

Salovey and Mayer (1990)

Goleman (1995)

23
Q

what did goleman (1995) think about emotional intelligence?

A

It is not about your IQ but rather emotional intelligence - it may be the best predictor of success in life. defines what it means to be smart

24
Q

how do salovey and mayer (1990) define emotional intellince?

A

the ability to monitor own and others feelings , discriminate among feelings and use guided thinking.

25
Q

What research did Petrides and Furnham (2000) conduct?

What sex differences were found?

A

An emotional intelligence questionnaire that had 4 factors - optimism, appraisal of emotions, social skills and the localisation of emotions.
found that there was only a significant difference between men and women on social skills. men self-reported higher than they performed and women self-reported lower.

26
Q

what is problematic about emotional intelligence testing?

how it is tested?

A
  • the tests are different to traditional intelligence tests.

- it is assessed in the same away that personality it (self/observer reports or projective measures)

27
Q

what intelligence test did mayer, salovey and caruso develop (1990)

A

the mayer salovey and caruso emotional intelligence test (MSCEIT)

28
Q

what did the MSCEIT test? (4 dimensions of EI)

A
  • accurately perceiving emotions
  • using emotions to facilitate thinking
  • understanding emotional meanings
  • managing emotions
  • a series of emotion based problem solving tasks
29
Q

what sex differences were observed by salovey and mayer in the ability model of EI? (MSCEIT)

A
  • women scored higher than men across all 4 aspects of EI (Day and Carroll, 2004)
  • women better at perceiving, using and understanding emotional meanings and managing emotions.
30
Q

what sex differences were found from Goleman (1995) mixed model? and by who?

A

Cavallo (2006) - women have higher levels of self-awareness, have better communication skills and are better at developing others.

31
Q

What is appealing about alternative theories of intelligence?

A

they encompass skills that are not acknowledged in traditional conceptualisations of intelligence

32
Q

what are the main limitations of hot intelligences?

A
  • limited by measurement difficulties
  • gender differences in EI could be due to the type of assessment took used
  • self-report measures coul foster biased results
  • subjective so a lack of clarity.

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