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MicroBiology > Host Response to Infection > Flashcards

Host Response to Infection Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

the study of the immune system and the immune response

A

immunology

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2
Q

any substance capable of inducing an immune response, whether humoral or cell mediated or both

A

immunogen

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3
Q

a substance recognized by the immune system, whether by the b cell or t cell, serves as the target of the immune response but may not necessarily lead to an immune response.

A

antigen

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4
Q

the structure in the antigen that is recognized by the b cell or t cell

A

epitope

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5
Q

a substance that is of low molecular weight that can only induce an immune response if bound to another substance that is already immunogenic

A

hapten

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6
Q

the primary sites of differentiation and maturation of the important cells that play important role in adaptive immunity which are the t lymphocytes and b lymphocytes.

A

central lymphoid organs

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7
Q

the site where blood cells originate

A

bone marrow

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8
Q

central lymphoid organs consists of

A

bone marrow and thymus

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9
Q

peripheral lymphoid organs consists of

A

the lymph nodes
spleen
mucosa associated lymphoid tissues (malt)

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10
Q

50-80 percent of white blood cells

A

granulocytes

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11
Q

approximately 20-40 percent of total white blood cells

A

lymphocytes

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12
Q

3-8 percent of white blood cells

A

monocytes and macrophages

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13
Q

plays a major role in acute inflammation as well as in bacterial infection

A

neutrophils

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14
Q

are the predominant inflammatory cells in viral infections

A

lymphocytes

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15
Q

are predominant in chronic inflammation

A

macrophages

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16
Q

multi-lobed nucleus, pale red and blue cytoplasmic granules

A

neutrophil

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17
Q

bilobed nucleus, red cytoplasmic granules

A

eosinophil

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18
Q

bilobed nucleus, purplish black cytoplasmic granules

A

basophil

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19
Q

large spherical nucleus, thin rim of pale blue cytoplasm

A

lymphocyte

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20
Q

kidney-shaped nucleus, abundant pale blue cytoplasm

A

monocyte

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21
Q

it is already active from the time of birth, prior to exposure to an antigen it is non specific

A

innate immunity or natural immunity

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22
Q

it is specific. it is activated after exposure to a particular antigen

A

adaptive immunity

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23
Q

are globulin proteins that react specifically with the antigens that stimulate their production.

A

antibodies

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24
Q

gamma is for

A

IgG

25
Q

mu is for

A

IgM

26
Q

alpha is for

A

IgA

27
Q

delta is for

A

IgD

28
Q

epsilon is for

A

IgE

29
Q

a monomer and is the predominant antibody in the secondary immune response and is a major defense against bacteria and viruses.

A

IgG

30
Q

the largest among the immunoglobulins and is a pentameter

A

igM

31
Q

the secretory immunoglobulins and is the main immunoglobulin in secretions such as colostrum, saliva, and tears, as well as respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tract secretions.

A

IgA

32
Q

also called the reaginic antibody. it mediates or anaphylactic hypersensitivity reaction and it provide defense against parasites such as helminths or worms

A

IgE

33
Q

a monomer that has no known antibody function

A

IgD

34
Q

components of the cell mediated immune system includes

A

macrophages
natural killer cells
helper t cells
cytotoxic t cells

35
Q

three main effects of activation of the complement system

A

lysis of cells
generation of inflammatory mediators
opsonization leading to enhanced phagocytosis

36
Q

activated by bacterial products such as endotoxin or complexes of immunoglobulins.

A

alternative or properdin pathway

37
Q

classical pathway activated by antigen antibody complexes

A

classical pathway

38
Q

activated by specific patterns of sugars found on the bacterial cell wall

A

mannose binding lectin

39
Q

chemotactic for neutrophils, chemical mediators in inflammation causing vascular leakage or increased vascular leakage or increased vascular permeability

A

c3a and c5a

40
Q

function as anaphylatoxin, causing degranulation of mast cells and release of histamine

A

c3a, c4a, c5a

41
Q

cause lysis of the bacterial cell

A

membrane attack complex (MAC)

42
Q

exaggerated and inappropriate immune responses that lead to tissue injury resulting in harm to the host

A

hypersensitivity reactions

43
Q

reaction mediated by IgE antibodies

A

type i: immediate hypersensitivity

44
Q

cytotoxic reaction mediated by IgG or IgM antibodies.

A

type ii: antibody mediated hypersensitivity

45
Q

represents the vascular events of inflammation which includes vasodilation and increased vascular permeability

A

immediate phase

46
Q

the cellular events of inflammation where the tissues will show infiltration by inflammatory cells which include neutrophils and eosinophils

A

late phase

47
Q

reaction mediated by immune complexes.

A

type iii: immune complex mediated hypersensitivity

48
Q

delayed reaction mediated by cellular response.

A

type iv: cell mediated hypersensitivity

49
Q

the administration of purified antibody in preparations called immune globulins or antibody containing serum

A

passive immunization

50
Q

involves injection of vaccines prepared from organisms or their products.

A

active immunization

51
Q

four major group of vaccines

A

toxoid
live attenuated
subunit
killed inactivated

52
Q

prepared using organisms with limited ability to cause disease

A

live attenuated vaccines

53
Q

the first vaccine was developed by

A

Edward jenner

54
Q

the fist live oral polio vaccine was developed by

A

albert and sabin

55
Q

developed based on the principle that certain diseases are caused by exotoxins produced by the causative agents.

A

toxoid vaccines

56
Q

refers to vaccines derived from bacterial sources

A

killed vaccines

57
Q

derived from viruses

A

inactivated vaccines

58
Q

only a specific antigen or structure on the organism is used

A

subunit vaccines

MicroBiology (9 decks)

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