Bacteria and Disease Flashcards
results of an undesirable relationship between the host and the pathogen, marked by interruption in the normal functioning of a body part or parts.
disease
invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganism
infection
prolonged and close interaction between organisms of different species
symbiosis
a form of symbiosis in which both organisms benefit from the relationship
mutualism
a form of symbiosis in which one organism benefits from another organism without causing harm to it
commensalism
a form of symbiosis where one organism benefits from another organism and at the same time causes harm to the other
parasitism
ability of an organism to produce disease
pathogenicity
describes the degree of pathogenicity of an organism or the degree to which an organism can produce disease
virulence
presence of unwanted materials where they should not be or at concentrations above the normal
contamination
presence of contaminants that can cause adverse biological effects to humans and communities
pollution
presence of bacteria in the blood
bacteremia
presence of actively multiplying bacteria in blood, usually from a source of infection
septicemia
presence of pus producing bacteria in the bloodstream
pyemia
presence of viruses in the blood
viremia
presence of toxins in the blood
toxemia
a german physician who made a significant contributions to the field of microbiology
robert koch
the development of an infectious disease is a consequence of the interaction among three components
the etiologic agent
the host
the environment
serves as the continual source of disease producing microorganism, it is the site where an infectious agent normally resides and multiplies
reservoir
certain infectious diseases can be transmitted from an animal to human
animal reservoir
a number of pathogenic organisms have humans as their resorvoirs
human reservoirs
water, soil, and plants can harbor infectious organism
environmental reservoirs
it is the route of which an infectious agent exit its host
portal of exits
infectious agents may be transmitted from the source to a susceptible host in several ways
mode of transmittion
involves transmission through skin to skin contact, kissing, or sexual transmission
person to person contact
patients with respiratory tract infection such as the common colds or influenza can transmit the causative agents during coughing and sneezing
droplet spread
infectious agents may be transferred from an infected person to a susceptible host through dust or aerosols
airborne transmission
refers to transmission of organisms through media such as food, water, milk, or biologic substances such as blood and body secretions
vechicle transmission
usually are insects that can transmit an infectious agent
vector transmission
the passive transport of the organism on the insects feet or other body parts
mechanical transmission
the active transport of the organism
biological transmission
it provides access tissues where the infectious agent can multiply
portal of entry
are the integral components of the outer membrane of gram negative bacteria
endotoxins
are intracellular products of some bacteria as part of their growth and metabolism and are released into the surrounding medium
exotoxins
disease that is spread from one host to another, either directly or indirectly
communicable disease
if the disease is easily and rapidly spread from one person to another
contagious disease
if the infection results in the death of the patient over a short period of time
fulminant infection
one that is not spread from one person to another. it is usually caused by organisms that normally inhabit the body and produce disease only occasionally or by the organisms that produce disease only when introduced into the body such as clostridium tetani
non communicable disease
the source of the infectious agent is from outside the body
exogenous
it is also considered as exogenous infections where the offending organisms was obtained from the hospital environment during the period of confinement of the patient in the hospital
nonsocomial
is one where the source of the causative organism is from the inside of the body
endogenous
a disease the occurs occasionally
sporadic disease
the disease is constantly present in a population at the low levels
endemic disease
if a great number of people in a given locality develop an infectious disease in a relatively short period of time
epidemic
if a disease has a worldwide occurrence or involves at least three region of the world
pandemic
develops rapidly but lasts for only a short period of time
acute disease
if the disease develops more slowly and occurs for long period of time
chronic disease
is one in which the causative organism remains inactive for a time but can become active again and produce symptoms of the disease
latent disease
one in which the invading organism are limited to a relatively small area of the body
localized infection
where the causative organism or their products are spread throughout the body through blood or lymph
systemic or generalized infection
can arise from infections in areas such as teeth, tonsils, or sinuses
focal infection
an acute infection that causes the initial illness
primary infection
which is caused by opportunistic pathogens after the primary infection has weakened the body’s defenses
secondary infection
one that does not cause noticeable illness
subclinical or inapparent infection
the time interval between entry of the offending agent and the appearance of the initial signs and symptoms of the disease
incubation period
a relatively short period is characterised by early, mild symptoms of disease which are generally non specific
prodromal period
corresponds to the period of maximal invasion, it is during this period that the disease is most acute
period of illness
corresponds to what is known as the period of defervescence
period of decline
this period is marked by the recovery of the patient from the disease
period of convalescence
