Host Pathogen Interactions: Bacteria (EXAM I) Flashcards
Where can you find “Normal Flora”?
Skin, Eyes, Nose and Mouth, GI Tract, Urogenital Tract, Upper and Respiratory System.
What are the Microorganisms apart of the “Normal Flora”?
Bacteria, Fungi, Viruses, Protozoans/Helminths
What are the functions of the “Normal Flora”?
1 Prevent pathogens from causing infection
#2 Stimulation of the Immune System
#3 Provide nutrients to the host such as vitamin K.
Bacteria are classified according to what?
Shape, Gram Staining, Metabolic Requirements, Production of metabolic products and enzymes, Growth characteristic, Serotyping, Genotyping
Which Bacteria is Gram Positive?
Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Listeria (Super, Stars, Love)
Which Bacteria is Gram Negative?
E. coli, Salmonella, Pseudomonas (Every Salmon Plays)
What type of metabolic requirements can Bacteria have?
Aerobic vs. Anaerobic
Fermenters vs. Non-Fermenters
What is the Bacterial Morphology for “Coccus”?
Circles “Coccus Circles”
What is the Bacterial Morphology for “Bacillus”?
Rod Shaped “Bacillus Bars”
What is the Bacterial Morphology for “Coccobacillus”?
Round/Rod
What is the Bacterial Morphology for “Fusiform Bacillus”?
Spindle Shaped with Tapered Ends “Fusiform Tapered Rods”
What is the Bacterial Morphology for “Vibrio”?
Comma Shaped “Vibrant Comma”
What is the Bacterial Morphology for “Spirillum”?
Spiral “Spiraling Spirillum”
What is the Bacterial Morphology for “Spirochete”?
“Slinky Spirochete”
What is Step 6 of Gram Staining?
Decolorizing with gentle agitation in 30% acetone-alcohol.
Gram Negatives have thinner or thicker peptidoglycan layers?
Thinner, that allows for the release of the stain.
Gram stain for a “Gram Positive (+)” will be?
Purple
Gram stain for a “Gram Negative” will be?
Colorless
Aerobic respiration is?
Oxygen serves as the final electron accepter “Oxygen Always Ends”
Anaerobic respiration is?
Inorganic compounds serve as the electron acceptor “Anaerobes Inhale Inorganics”
What is Facultative anaerobe?
Respire aerobically until oxygen is depleted then fermented
What is Coagulase?
Used to differentiate between the different species of Staphylococcus.
What is Catalase?
Used to differentiate between the staphylococcus and streptococcus.
What is Hemolysis?
Alpha, Beta, Gamma (breakdown of red blood cells)
What is Oxidase?
Used to identify bacteria that produces cytochrome C oxidase
What are the four distinct phases that describe the changes in the population over time when bacteria are cultured in a closed system?
- Lag Phase
- Log Phase
- Stationary Phase
- Death Phase
What is Log Phase (Exponential Phase)?
This is the phase of rapid cell division and exponential growth.
What is Lag Phase?
Bacteria are adapting to their new environment. No new growth.
What is the Stationary Phase?
The number of new cells produced are equal to the number of cells that are dying.
What is the Death Phase?
Where the number cells that are dying exceeds the number of new cells being produced.
The cell wall has alternating molecules of ….?
NAG AND NAM
What are NAG and NAM joined by?
Beta 1-4 Link
NAM pentapeptide subunits are?
Crosslinked
Lysine/diaminopimelic acid are at what spot on NAM pentapeptide subunits?
Third Spot
D-alanine is at what spot in the NAM pentapeptide subunits?
Fourth Spot/N Terminus Pentaglycine Bridge
What do Beta Lactam antibiotics do?
They prevent crosslinking in replicating bacteria.
Infections are a leading cause of….?
Deaths Worldwide
The bacterial cell wall is made up of…?
NAG and NAM that are crosslinked by Pentapeptides
