Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CLINICAL PARASITOLOGY > Host-Parasite Relationships > Flashcards

Host-Parasite Relationships Flashcards

1
Q

Causes changes in the molecular biology, biochemistry, immunology, and structure of the parasite

A

Adaptation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The most noticeable adaptations are found in

A

Locomotory and digestive organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Locomotory organs of protozoans belonging to the Phylum Apicomplexa

A

No locomotory organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Locomotory organs of Free-living flatworms

A

Cilia on their epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Locomotory organs of parasitic cestodes and trematodes

A

None

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does cestodes and trematodes obtain nutrients

A

Through their tegument, which is provided with microvilli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does flatworms facilitate tissue migration

A

Flatworms have highly specialized organs of attachment, such as hooks and suckers, which anchor the parasite inside the body of the host and facilitate tissue migration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does an adult Ascaris worms maintain their position inside the intestinal wall

A

by constant movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does Ascaris protect itself from the host defenses?

A

The integument is thickened to resist enzymes and juices in the digestive tract of humans and to protect against dessication and physical injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does Intestinal flukes protect itself from the host defenses?

A

In intestinal flukes, the tegument is covered with spines to prevent abrasion. Special coverings of ova, larvae, and cysts protect the parasite during its free-living stage. These coverings also aid in resisting digestive juices once the parasite is ingested by the host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Parasite that contains a complete set of male and female organs capable of producing thousands of ova

A

Hermaphroditic parasite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hermaphroditic parasites includes

A

All tapeworms and flukes, with the exception of Schistosoma spp.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does flukes reproduce in the intermediate hosts

A

Flukes undergo asexual reproduction in the intermediate hosts to increase the number of progeny

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Inability of the parasite to synthesize certain cellular components and the need of the parasite to obtain these from a host

A

Streamlining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Loss of certain metabolic pathways common to free-living organisms

A

Streamlining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Parasites that exemplify streamlining

A

Hemoflagellates and other helminth parasites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Enzyme secreted by Entamoeba histolytica that is used for tissue penetration

A

Cysteine proteinases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How does Entamoeba histolytica use cysteine proteinases

A

Entamoeba histolytica secrete cysteine proteinases, which allow the parasite to penetrate the mucosa and adhere to the underlying layer and surrounding tissues

19
Q

Does Entamoeba coli secrete cysteine proteinases

A

No

20
Q

How does the cercariae of Schistosoma penetrate the skin of the host?

A

The cercariae of Schistosoma contain penetration glands, which produce an enzyme capable of digesting the skin allowing entry into the body of the host.

21
Q

How many hooklets does a cestode embryo have?

A

Six hooklets

22
Q

Function of cestode embryo hooklets

A

Aids them in tissue penetration before developing into encysted larvae

23
Q

Mechanisms by which parasites cause injury to the host

A

Interference with the vital processes of the host through parasitic enzymes.

Invasion and destruction of host tissue

Deprive the host of essential nutrients and substances

24
Q

How does parasite metabolize nutrients obtained from the host

A

Secretory and excretory products elaborated by many parasites allow them to metabolize nutrients obtained from the host and store these for energy production

25
Q

How does Entamoeba histolytica facilitate tissue invasion

A

Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites that secrete cysteine proteinases, which do not only digest cellular materials but also degrade epithelial basement membrane facilitating tissue invasion

26
Q

How does plasmodium spp. infection cause destruction of host tissue?

A

Plasmodium, which invades red blood cells. After multiplication, the host’s red blood cells rupture resulting in the release of merozoites

27
Q

How does Schistosoma japonicum infection cause destruction of host tissue?

A

In Schistosoma japonicum infection, cumulative deposition of eggs in the liver stimulates an immune response mechanism resulting in granuloma formation and then fibrosis which leads to portal hypertension and massive hemorrhage in the venules

28
Q

How does Hookworm infection cause destruction of host tissue?

A

Hookworms have cutting plates, which can attach to the intestinal mucosa and destroy the villi

29
Q

How does a large numbers of Ascaris affect the host?

A

Large numbers of worms such as Ascaris form tangled masses that can lead to intestinal obstruction. An Ascaris worm in the intestine may invade other organs like the appendix and bile ducts and may cause a surgical emergency.

30
Q

Parasite that causes chronic blood loss and iron deficiency anemia

A

Hookworm

31
Q

How does hookworm cause chronic blood loss and iron deficiency anemia?

A

Heavy hookworm infection causes massive intestinal bleeding which results in chronic blood loss and iron deficiency anemia

32
Q

Parasite that competes with its host for the available supply of Vitamin B12

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

33
Q

Hematologic disease caused by D. latum

A

Diphyllobothrium latum competes with its host for the available supply of Vitamin B12, thus resulting in megaloblastic anemia

34
Q

How does sickle cell trait influence falciparum malaria infection?

A

In falciparum malaria, possession of sickle-cell trait confers some protection

35
Q

How does the presence of Duffy blood factor influence an individual to Plasmodium vivax infection?

A

The presence of Duffy blood factor increases the susceptibility of an individual to Plasmodium vivax infection

36
Q

Factors that determine the outcome of infection to the host

A

Genetic make up of the host
Nutritional status of the host
Immune processes of the host

37
Q

How does diet influence the interaction between host and parasite?

A

A diet rich in protein is not suitable for the development of intestinal protozoans

Low-protein diet favors the appearance of symptoms of amebiasis and complications of the disease.

A high carbohydrate diet favors the development of some tapeworms

38
Q

Very important in modifying the severity of disease in endemic areas

A

Acquired immunity

39
Q

Can we acquire absolute immunity following protozoan infections?

A

Rarely

40
Q

Can we acquire absolute immunity to helminth infections?

A

Never

41
Q

How does protein rich diet influence host-parasite interaction?

A

A diet rich in protein is not suitable for the development of intestinal protozoans

42
Q

How does a low protein diet influence host-parasite interaction?

A

A low-protein diet favors the appearance of symptoms of amebiasis and complications of the disease

43
Q

How does carbohydrate rich diet influence host-parasite interaction?

A

A high carbohydrate diet favors the development of some tapeworms

CLINICAL PARASITOLOGY (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions