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Micro Lec 1 > Host Microbe Interactions: principles of disease > Flashcards

Host Microbe Interactions: principles of disease Flashcards

1
Q

What term is coined for living things living together?

A

Symbiosis

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2
Q

What flora do not cause disease under normal circumstances?

A

Normal flora

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3
Q

What flora Colonise for a brief time – does not last, normal flora
competes – may cause disease

A

Transient flora

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4
Q

What flora causes disease?

A

Pathogenic flora

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5
Q

What relationship occurs when there is mutual benefit?

A

Mutualism

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6
Q

What relationship does the Lactobacillus acidophilus and the adult vagina have?

A

Mutualism

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7
Q

What relationship does Staphylococcus epidermidis and the human skin have?

A

Commensalism

– Under normal circumstances does not cause harm

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8
Q

What relationship do pathogenic microbes have to its host?

A

Parasitism

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9
Q

What relationship Occurs when Host becomes predisposed to infection by otherwise harmless microbe? Such as in Candida albicans and the vagina?

A

Opportunism

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10
Q

What contributes to the manifestation of disease?

A

Factors of both the microbe, host and environment

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11
Q

Four things a microbe must do to cause disease (to be a pathogen):

A

• 1. Gain entry to a host – environment
• 2. Attach and multiply – microbial pathogenesis
• 3. Evade Host defences
– host susceptibility / immunity - tomorrow
• 4. Cause damage to tissues – microbial pathogenesis

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12
Q

What is the Period in which microbe attempts to evade host defenses and establish infection

A

Incubation period

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13
Q

Incubation period of chicken pox

A

2-3 weeks

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14
Q

Incubation period of pertussis (whopping cough)

A

7-10days

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15
Q

Incubation period of Covid 19

A

5-7 days

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16
Q

Summary of incubation periods

A 
Chicken pox 2-3 weeks
• Measles 8 – 14 days
• Mumps 12 – 25 days
•TB 4–12 weeks
• Pertussis 7 – 10 days
• Food poisoning 12 – 36 hrs
• HIV/AIDS 3 weeks - years
• Covid-19 5-7 days
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17
Q

What phase of disease is the Period of microbe multiplication
– Mild, non-specific symptoms
– Host defense may overcome infection at this point

A

Prodromal phase

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18
Q

What phase of disease depicted by Cell damage occurs

– Producing recognisable signs and symptoms

A

Acute or invasive phase

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19
Q

2 possible outcomes of disease development

A

Fulminating

Decline and convalescence

20
Q

What phase of disease development is depicted by when Acute phase develops rapidly, Symptoms appear suddenly, Feature of a very virulent pathogen and has a Fatal outcome

A

Fulminanting

21
Q

What phase is described by When host defense overcomes pathogen and Symptoms subside

A

Decline and convalescence

22
Q

How does infectious disease become established?

A
  1. Gain entry to a host
  2. Attach and multiply
  3. Evade Host defences
  4. Cause damage to tissues
23
Q

Give 3 reservoir of infection

A

Humans
Animals
Soil and water

24
Q

What infection can you get from animals

A

Zoonoses

25
Q

What’s the reservoir of infection for melioidosis and legionnaires disease?

A

Soil and water

26
Q

5 Modes of transmission of infectious disease

A 
Physical contact
Air borne
Water borne
Food borne
Vector
27
Q

Mode of transmission for sexually transmitted disease

A

Direct - physical contact

28
Q

Mode of transmission for flu

A

Indirect physical contact

29
Q

Mode of transmission for tuberculosis

A

Air borne

30
Q

Mode of transmission for daintree ulcer

A

Air borne

31
Q

Mode of transmission for Giardia intestinalis cysts and Cryptosporidium parvuum

A

Water borne

32
Q

Mode of transmission for Vibrio spp and Aeromonas spp GIT

A

WAter borne

33
Q

Mode of transmission for Toxoplasma gondii – rare kangaroo

A

Food borne

34
Q

Mode of transmission salmonella

A

Food borne

35
Q

Mode of transmission hepatitis A

A

Food borne

36
Q

Mode of transmission malaria

A

Vector

37
Q

How do we do infection control

A

Break transmission cycle
Change host behaviour
Eliminate vectors

38
Q

What are the portal of entry and exit of pathogens?

A 
Skin
Respiratory tract
Gastrointestinal tract
Urogenital tract
Transplacental - mother to baby
39
Q

5 Infections that have skin as a portal of entry and exit

A 
melioidosis,
HIV
Hep B needle stick 
Dermal migrans
human hook worm
40
Q

2 infections using respiratory tract as entry and exit

A

Streptococcus pnemoniae

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

41
Q

Portal of entry and exit of Shigella dysenteriae

A

Gastrointestinal

42
Q

Give 2 pathogens that use gastrointestinal as entry and exit

A

Helminthes attach firmly

Protozoa protective cyst

43
Q

Portal of entry and exit for syphilis and gonorrhoea

A

Urogenital

44
Q

Portal of entry and exit for Escherichia coli

A

Urogenital - UTI

45
Q

Portal of entry and exit for toxoplasmosis

A

Transplacental

46
Q

Give 3 diseases using transplacental route for infections

A

Rubella
Toxoplasmosis
Cytomegalovirus- CMV

Micro Lec 1 (4 decks)

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