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Micro Lec 1 > Bacteria and viruses > Flashcards

Bacteria and viruses Flashcards

1
Q

How to NAME microbes?

A

Genus & species

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2
Q

Yes or No - do bacteria have a nucleus?

A

No. Bacteria has no defined nucleus

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3
Q

Give 8 criteria on how we can classify bacteria?

A

– Physiology (temp, pH, oxygen requirements)
– How they utilise various substrates for energy – Pathogenicity
– Their habitat
– The most fundamental criteria are:
– Cell wall composition (staining characteristics) – Shape (morphology)
– All determined by the Gram stain

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4
Q

What colour is the bacteria if it stains Gram positive?

A

Blue

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5
Q

What colour is the bacteria if it stains Gram negative?

A

Pink / Red

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6
Q

What is the basis of differences in gram staining?

A

Cell wall composition - peptidoglycan

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7
Q

Where does an antibiotic (medicine) target a bacteria?

A

Cell wall - peptidoglycan

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8
Q

What determines a bacteria’s infection characteristics?

A

Cell wall - lipopolysaccharide

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9
Q

If a bacteria stains gram positive, what can you say about it’s peptidoglycan layer?

A

THICK peptidoglycan layer

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10
Q

What is the shape of a gram positive cocci?

A

Round - cocci

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11
Q

What is the shape of a gram negative bacillus?

A

Rod shaped

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12
Q

What is the shape of a gram positive bacilli

A

Rod shaped

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13
Q

What is the shape of a spirochete?

A

Spiral shaped

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14
Q

Bacterial structure - what is responsible for motility?

A

Flagella

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15
Q

What is the purpose of the bacterial capsule?

A

Antiphagocytic - Protection

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16
Q

What are the 2 functions of the bacterial fimbriae / pili?

A

Adherence and genetic transfer

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17
Q

What is the purpose of the endospore of the bacteria?

A

Environmental resistance

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18
Q

Bacteria that causes Syphilis?

A

Treponema pallidum

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19
Q

Name the three stages and physical manifestations of syphilis:

A
  1. Primary - chancre
  2. Secondary - rash
  3. Tertiary - gumma
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20
Q

What is the shape of Treponema pallidum?

A

Spirochete

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21
Q

What is the bacteria that is the most common cause of urinary tract infection (UTI)?

A

Escherichia coli

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22
Q

What is the gram stain and shape of Escherichia coli?

A

Gram negative rod (bacilli)

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23
Q

What bacteria causes Melioidosis?

A

Burkholderia pseudomallei

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24
Q

What is the gram stain and shape of Burkholderia pseudomallei?

A

Gram negative bacilli (rod)

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25
What bacteria causes boils, wound infection, and carbuncles?
Staphylococcus aureus
26
What bacteria causes impetigo?
Staphylococcus aureus
27
What is the gram stain and shape of the bacteria that causes wound infection and boils?
Gram positive cocci in CLUSTERS - Staphylococcus aureus
28
What bacteria causes scarlet fever?
Streptococcus pyogenes
29
What is the gram stain and shape of the bacteria that causes rheumatic fever and heart disease?
Gram positive cocci in CHAINS - Streptococcus pyogenes
30
What causes erisypelas — a conmon skin infection?
Streptococcus pyogenes
31
What causes gas gangrene - a severe wound infection?
Clostridium perfringens
32
What is the gram stain and shape of clostridium perfringens?
Gram positive rods (bacilli)
33
What bacteria is implicated as the most common cause of preventable blindness?
Chlamydia trachomatis
34
What is the EYE disease caused by Chlamydia trachomatis?
Trachoma
35
What is the bacteria that causes Tuberculosis?
Mycobacteria Tuberculosis
36
True or False - Mycobacteria tuberculosis has a waxy cell wall hence we cannot use gram stain for this
True - we use ACID FAST STAIN for M. tb
37
True or False - Mycobacterium tuberculosis only affects the lungs causing pulmonary TB only
False - M. tb can affect any organ in the body
38
How does the bacteria reproduce?
Binary fission
39
Name the 3 structures of a VIRUS
Core - DNA or RNA Capsid Envelop
40
Name 3 shapes of the capsid
Icosahedral Helical Complex
41
Give methods of viral replication:
Lytic Lysogenic RNA viruses Reverse transcription
42
Name 5 stages of lytic replication of viruses
``` Attachment Penetration Biosynthesis Maturation Lysis ```
43
At what lytic stage of viral replication do the phage DNA replicates and phage proteins are made?
Biosynthesis stage
44
At what viral stage of Lytic replication do the phage DNA enters the host cell?
Penetration stage
45
What type of viral replication involves the phage DNA becomes incorporated in the genome and then leading to the cell dividing and the prophage DNA is passed on to tbe daughter cells?
Lysogenic replication
46
What type of viral replication involves the cell engulfing the virus by endocytosis?
RNA viral replication by influenza and coronaviruses
47
What virus usually uses reverse transcription as a form of viral replication?
HIV - human immunodeficiency virus
48
What is the genetic material, shape classification of Influenza virus?
genetic material- RNA Shape: helical Envelop- present
49
What helical RNA virus typically causes ACUTE lytic infection and infects and lyses the lining of the respiratory tract and causes fever and general body pain?
Influenza virus
50
Classification and shape of rubella virus
Icosahedral, RNA, enveloped
51
What virus can cross the placenta and cause a severe infection in the baby?
Rubella - congenital rubella syndrome
52
Classification of varicella zoster virus
Icosahedral, DNA, enveloped
53
What virus causes chickenpox?
Varicella Zoster Virus
54
What virus can reoccur as Shingles in adulthood and cause rash and nerve pain?
Varicella Zoster Virus
55
What virus typically causes infection of the liver?
Hepatitis B virus
56
Classification shape of hepatitis b virus
Icosahedral, DNA, enveloped
57
What virus typically causes warts
Human papilloma virus
58
How does the human papilloma virus replicate by causing warts?
Lysogenic
59
What cancer is related to human papilloma virus?
Cervical cancer
60
Classification of human papilloma virus?
Icosahedral, DNA, non-enveloped
61
What is the classification of SARS-CoV 2?
RNA, spherical, enveloped
62
Disease caused by SARS-CoV 2?
Severe acute respiratory syndrome in Covid 19

Micro Lec 1 (4 decks)

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