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BM1022 > Host Defense/Immunity > Flashcards

Host Defense/Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

The type of immunity that we are born with, that,

  • works regardless of what the invader is
  • physical and chemical barriers eg skin, mucous
  • cellular responses eg phagocytosis by white blood cells, inflammation
  • soluble mediators like cytokines, complement, proteins
  • immediate response
A

Innate Immunity

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2
Q

The name of specific or acquired immunity

A

Adaptive Immunity

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3
Q

Antibodies (Ab) are an example of adaptive immunity. What other word describes antibodies, starting with H……

A

Humoral

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4
Q

Are cell mediated responses innate or adaptive immunity?

A

Adaptive

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5
Q

Name the 2 main components of blood

A

Plasma (clear stuff, 50%)
Cells (x 3 types)

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6
Q

Erythrocytes are commonly called ……

A

Red blood cells or rbc. 40 - 45% of total blood volume. Carry Hb!

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7
Q

White blood cells are also called….

A

Leucocytes - immunity! Only about 1% of blood volume.

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8
Q

What are the blood cells responsible for clotting?

A

Platelets. Only about 1% of blood volume.

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9
Q

Haematopoiesis is the development of which blood cells? Where and how does it occur?

A

White blood cells - mostly begins in bone marrow of the long bones. They then move into the bloodstream and then into tissues.

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10
Q

What are the 5 types of leucocytes?

A
  1. Neutrophils (most abundant) = Phagocytosis (the pus cell) = Bacterial infections
  2. Lymphocytes (adaptive) = B Cells/T Cells = Viral infections / cancer
  3. Monocytes = migrate to skin/tissues = macrophages/dendrites
  4. Eosinophils = Parasites / Allergy response
  5. Basophil = Role in allergic reactions
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11
Q

Why is it helpful to know which type of leucocyte has elevated in a sick patient?

A

The type of leucocyte indicates what is causing the infection eg lymphocyte = viral infection

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12
Q

What is a normal white blood cell (leucocyte) count?

A

4 “/L

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13
Q

Neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils are similar in what way?

A

They are granulocytes (have granules in cytoplasm of cell)

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14
Q

Neutrophils are the ____ cell. They are _____-lobed (nucleus) and have ______ in their cytoplasm. They target ______.

A

Pus Cell
Multi-lobed
Granules
Bacteria

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15
Q

Eosinophils target _______. They have ____ lobes (nucleus) and have _____ in their cytoplasm.

A

Parasites
2 lobes
Granules

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16
Q

Basophils play a role in _______ _______. They have big blue _______ in their cytoplasm.

A

Allergy response
Granules

17
Q

How to lymphocytes recognise an infectious particle?

A

By recognising antigens

18
Q

Antigens (Ag) stands for the combination of two words…..

A

Antibody + Generation

19
Q

What are antigens?

A

Antigens are components of cell walls, that generate an immune response (typically proteins called antibodies)

20
Q

What is another term used to describe antibodies?

A

Immunoglobulin

21
Q

Are antibodies part of the building blocks of the body, or are they functional proteins?

A

Functional

22
Q

Are antibodies considered innate or adaptive immunity?

A

Adaptive - they only target specific antigens

23
Q

True or false - antibodies:

  1. enhance phagocytosis
  2. enhance complement mediated killing
  3. neutralise toxins
  4. prevent pathogen attachment
A

True - they kill free-living bacteria!

24
Q

Name 4 different types on human antibodies

A

IgM
IgG
IgA
IgE

25
Q

What are the 2 primary lymphoid organs in humans, where lymphocytes are born?

A

Bone marrow
Thymus

26
Q

Where do lymphocytes encounter antigens, after leaving the bone marrow or thymus?

A

Secondary lymphoid organs:
- Spleen
- Lymph nodes
- Mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) - respiratory/gut

27
Q

How to lymphocytes become effector and memory cells?

A

They encounter antigen and are stimulated to become these. This happens in the spleen, lymph nodes and MALT. They get with antigens and then produce compounds for immunity.

28
Q

How do cellular components fight infection?

A

Kill viruses inside cells

29
Q

What are 2 examples of INNATE cells & mediators?

A
  • NK cells
  • Complement proteins
30
Q

What are 2 examples of ADAPTIVE cells and tissues?

A
  • B Cells (make antibodies for bacterial infection)
  • T Cells (fight viruses, provide cancer protection)
31
Q

Cytokines are ________ messengers

A

chemical

32
Q

What are the 4 immune responses needed by the body, to prevent becoming immunocompromised?

A
  1. External barrier (skin, oral mucosa, respiratory epithelium, intestine)
  2. Innate immune response (macrophages, granulocytes, NK cells)
  3. Adaptive immune response (B cells/antibodies, T cells)
  4. Memory response (prevents re-infection)
33
Q

What am I?

A substance present in normal serum which combines with an antigen-antibody complex to destroy bacteria.

A

Complement

BM1022 (10 decks)

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