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PPS 913 > Host Defense > Flashcards

Host Defense Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the immune system?

A 
Protection against pathogens
Allergic reactions to innocuous substances
Organ graft rejection
Autoimmunity
Tumor immunity/suveillance
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2
Q

What is the big difference between the innate system and the adaptive system?

A

Specificity

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3
Q

Which immune response is delayed?

A

Adaptive

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4
Q

What are the 4 stages of adaptive immunity?

A

Establishment of infection, induction of adaptive response, adaptive immune response, immunological memory

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5
Q

What is the difference between segmented neutrophils and banded neutrophils?

A

Segmented are mature neutrophils

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6
Q

What are the “players” in immune response?

A 
Segmented neutrophils
Banded neutrophils
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
Macrophages
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7
Q

What are the physical barriers in innate immunity?

A

Epithelium (TJ, mucus/air flow, cilia)
Chemical (fatty acids, enzymes, pH)
Normal flora

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8
Q

What two places are normal flora not involved?

A

Lungs

Eyes/nose

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9
Q

What are the three different phagocytes?

A

Macrophages
Neutrophils
Dendritic cells

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10
Q

Which phagocyte is the first to an infection?

A

Macrophage

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11
Q

What brings neutrophils to the site of infection?

A

Chemokines released by macrophages

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12
Q

Which phagocyte phagocytoses once?

A

Neutrophils

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13
Q

Which phagocyte goes to the lymph nodes?

A

Dendritic cells

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14
Q

Which cells activate adaptive immunity through antigen presentation?

A

Dendritic cells

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15
Q

What are two receptors on fungi?

A

Mannose

Dectrin

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16
Q

How many Toll-like receptors do we know of?

A

12

17
Q

What is the role of TLRs?

A

Activate phagocytes and tissue dendritic cells

18
Q

What is signaled for when TLRs recognize a PAMP?

A

NF-kB

19
Q

What does TRL1,2,6 recognize?

A

Peptidoglycan

20
Q

What does TLR 4 recognize?

A

LPS (endotoxin)

21
Q

What activates complement?

A

Antibodies

PAMPs

22
Q

What must be present for complement to be turned on?

A

NF-kB

23
Q

What phagocyte initiates inflammation?

A

Macrophages

24
Q

What are three inflammatory cytokines?

A

IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha

25
Q

What effect do cytokines have on the liver?

A

They up-regulate CYP enzyme function.

26
Q

What effect do cytokines have on the bone marrow?

A

They cause the production of banded neutrophils.

PPS 913 (2 decks)

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