Hosken Chapter 2

Question 1

waveform view

Answer 1

graph of the physical change in pressure over time. Up = compression, down = rarefaction

Question 2

pitch

Answer 2

perceptual measurement of sound

Question 3

Frequency (f)

Answer 3

physical measurement of sound -rate of full cycle of motions - c -f-c-b-c

Question 4

Hertz (Hz)

Answer 4

of cycles per second - humans hear 20Hz to 20kHz

Question 5

period (T)

Answer 5

amount of time sound wave takes to go through comp-rare cycle measured in seconds p cycle.

Question 6

ultrasonic

Answer 6

f above our hearing range

Question 7

infrasonic

Answer 7

f below our hearing

Question 8

shepard tones

Answer 8

auditory illusion - tones appear to rise endlessly but are a narrow range of f - as f rise, high f fade while f below gradually get louder

Question 9

loudness

Answer 9

physical property of sound related to amplitude

Question 10

amplitude

Answer 10

how much air pressure deviates from “normal”

Question 11

decibels of sound pressure level (dB SPL)

Answer 11

measurement of amplitude

Question 12

threshold of hearing (0 dB SPL)

Answer 12

quietest sound we can hear, under this it is imperceptible to humans

Question 13

threshold of pain (120 dB SPL)

Answer 13

sound amplitude above this hurts and damages hearing

Question 14

temporary threshold shift

Answer 14

attenuation of hearing after overstimulation

Question 15

timbre

Answer 15

perceptual property of sound

Question 16

waveform

Answer 16

physical property of sound

Question 17

sine wave

Answer 17

simplest back and forth waveform - sideways s

Question 18

triangle wave

Answer 18

^v

Question 19

sawtooth wave

Answer 19

N

Question 20

square wave

Answer 20

|_|

Question 21

pulse wave

Answer 21

|___

Question 22

noise wave

Answer 22

no regular pattern

Question 23

white noise

Answer 23

harsh and grating

Question 24

pink noise

Answer 24

noisy but pleasant

Question 25

articulation

Answer 25

perceptual property - loudness of sound over time.

Question 26

amplitude envelope

Answer 26

related to articulation - contains many repetitions of the waveform.

Question 27

ADSR

Answer 27

amplitude envelope for bowed or blown instruments. - attack, decay, sustain, release - most indicative is the sustain aspect - must continuously keep pressure to keep sustained

Question 28

AR

Answer 28

amplitude envelope for bowed or plucked instruments - t duration of attack dictated by force of hit, release by material and strength of strike

Question 29

transient pattern

Answer 29

identifying patterns of rhythm in waveform

Question 30

beat detection

Answer 30

analysis of transient patterns

Question 31

pitch (perception)

Answer 31

frequency (phys)

Question 32

loudness

Answer 32

amplitude

Question 33

timbre

Answer 33

waveform

Question 34

articulation

Answer 34

amplitude envelope

Question 35

rhythym

Answer 35

transient patterns