Hosken Chapter 1

Question 1

Compression 8

Answer 1

air molecules are pushed together, increasing density

Question 2

Propagation 8

Answer 2

compressed air molecules spring back out and into another compression further on

Question 3

rarefaction 9

Answer 3

“de-compressed” air molecules, less dense

Question 4

compression wave 9

Answer 4

a series of compression and rarefaction cycles along a linear horizontal path

Question 5

transverse wave 9

Answer 5

series of compression/rarefaction cycles that move up and down as well as horizontally

Question 6

resonance 12

Answer 6

the body of an instrument that determines timbre and pitch (violin, the shell of the drum, etc)

Question 7

formants 13

Answer 7

vocal resonators

Question 8

filters 13

Answer 8

software plugins that shape the timbre of a sound

Question 9

equalizer 13

Answer 9

filters w fixed resonances

Question 10

pinna 14

Answer 10

flesh of ear

Question 11

earl canal 14

Answer 11

shape and length determine frequency balance, generally 2000 - 5000 Hz

Question 12

eardrum 14

Answer 12

tympanic membrane

Question 13

ossicles 14

Answer 13

three bones that connect tympanic membrane to inner ear hammer, anvil, stirrup

Question 14

Eustachian tubes 15

Answer 14

maintain even pressure in ears and outside of your head

Question 15

oval window 15

Answer 15

connects to stirrup, last of ossicles, and cochla

Question 16

cochlea 15

Answer 16

fluid-filled rolled up like a snail. the cochlea turns mechanical energy into neural impulses.

Question 17

basilar membrane 16

Answer 17

vibrates from cochlear fluid, houses organ of Corti

Question 18

organ of Corti 16

Answer 18

the basilar membrane vibrates in different areas, causing hair cells to fire timed patterns in neural impulses.

Question 19

temporal/frequency theory

Answer 19

pattern that hair cells fire in mimics that of the frequency of the wave in cochlea

Question 20

place theory

Answer 20

different parts of the basilar membrane reflect different frequencies

Question 21

music perception/psychoacoustics

Answer 21

study of auditory system and how our brain interprets neural impulses

Question 22

music cognition

Answer 22

study of mental processes and representation of music