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Horticulture > Hortoculture 1 > Flashcards

Hortoculture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

hortus cultura

A

garden cultivation

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2
Q

horticulture

A

science and art of cultivating, processing, and marking fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants.

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3
Q

pomology

A

fruit and nut production, “apple or fruit”

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4
Q

Olericulture

A

vegetable production, “pot herb”

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5
Q

3 primary areas of study

A

pomology, olericulture, ornamental

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6
Q

gymniosperm age

A

200 - 150,000,000 years old

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7
Q

angiosperm age

A

70 - 60,000,000 years old

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8
Q

kitchen garden

A

intensive care plants that needed to be kept close to the house

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9
Q

Liberty Hyde Bailey

A

Father of Horticulture, 1858 - 1954

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10
Q

Scientific and Botanical Systems

A

Kingdoms, Binomial Nomenclature

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11
Q

Operational SYstems

A

Seasonal Growth Cycles, Stem Structure, Growth Form

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12
Q

Cytology

A

cell type, studio of cell components and function

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13
Q

Anatomy

A

internal structure

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14
Q

Physiology

A

plant functions

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15
Q

Morphology

A

structural form

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16
Q

Plant Taxonomy

A

the science of identifying, naming, and calssifying plants

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17
Q

Kingdoms (Whittaker, 1969)

A

Monera, Protista, Fungi, Animalia, Plantae

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18
Q

Bryophytes

A

liverworts, hornworts, and mosses

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19
Q

vascular plants

A

seedless. Ferns, club mosses, horsetails

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20
Q

seeded

A

gymnosperms, angiosperms

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21
Q

pinophyta

A

gymnosperms

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22
Q

magnoliophyta

A

angiosperms

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23
Q

rosaceae

A

rose family

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24
Q

poaceae

A

grass familia

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25
Q

fabaceae

A

legumes or bean family

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26
Q

lamiaceae

A

mint family

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27
Q

asteraceae

A

aster family

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28
Q

binomial nomenclature

A

genus and species, capital then lowercase, all italicized

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29
Q

Carolus Linnaeus

A

1707 - 1778, swedish botanist, introduced binomial nomenclature, first botanist to organize plants into classes based on floral structure.

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30
Q

Species Plantarum

A

first plant naming guide

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31
Q

ICBN

A

Internation Code of Botanical Names

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32
Q

plant varieties and sub species

A

acer rubarum var. drummondii (still italicized or underlined)

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33
Q

Cultivar

A

Product of plant breeding or selection (cultivated variety). In quotes, nonitalicized

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34
Q

Inter-specific hybrids

A

magnolia x soulangeana

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35
Q

Inter-generic Hybrids

A

X Fatshedera lizei

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36
Q

Histology

A

microscopic plant structure

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37
Q

Robert Hooke

A

discovered cells

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38
Q

Prokaryotic Cells

A

SIngle cell organisms, lack distinct nucleus due to absence of a nuclear membrane (eg. bacteria)

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39
Q

Eukaryotic Cells

A

Made up of compartments bounded by membranes each with specialized structures and functions

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40
Q

Eukaryotic Cells - components

A

Protoplast, Nucleus, Cell Wall

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41
Q

cytoplasm

A

viscous liquid coposed of matrix proteins contained by the plasma membrane

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42
Q

Protoplast

A

contains all the organelles in cytoplasm bound by a plasma membrane which is enclosed by a cell wall

43
Q

plastid - leucoplast

A

store oil, starch and proteins

44
Q

chromoplasts

A

plant pigments

45
Q

chloroplast

A

contain plant pigments, including chlorophyll, which is the site of photosynthesis

46
Q

mitochondria

A

site of respiration, ATP production

47
Q

respiration

A

release of energy stored in carbohydrates from photosynthesis for cellular activity

48
Q

cell wall

A

protects protoplast, provides structure

49
Q

plasmodesmata

A

connect one cell to another by cytoplasm strands through the cell wall in openings called pits

50
Q

Nucleus

A

contains DNA

51
Q

Vacuole

A

up to 90% of cell volume, dissolved materials

52
Q

meristematic tissue

A

actively dividing cells taht differentiate into other tissues, roots and shoot tips

53
Q

permanent tissues

A

differentiated cells, divided into simple and complex tissues

54
Q

apical meristem

A

end of shoots

55
Q

opposite meristem

A

meristem across from each other

56
Q

alternate meristem

A

meristem alternate side to side along stem

57
Q

whorled meristem

A

meristem are close together to form a spiral

58
Q

root meristem

A

tip of root

59
Q

tap root

A

main root with a few lateral roots

60
Q

fibrous root

A

branches of roots in all directions

61
Q

subapical meristem

A

produces new cells in the region a few micrometers behind an active shoot. Tru meristem in that it produces leaves in a rosette form ie) beets carros

62
Q

lateral meristem

A

produces secondary growth often called the vascular cambium producing new xylem and phloem. Cork cambium, etc. Growth rings in woody plants.

63
Q

simple tissues

A

uniform, contain 1 kind of cell

64
Q

parenchyma

A

found in herbaceous plants, flesh of fruit, swollen roots, succulents. Then-walled cells with large vacules found under the epidermal cells, contain chloroplast and can become meristematic to heal wounds

65
Q

Collenchyma

A

cells thickened by cellulose - primarily in young stems, leaves and veins of leaves

66
Q

Sclerenchyma

A

thick walled cells found as lignified fibers throughout the plant. Protoplast dies and becomes nonliving, found in stems and bark

67
Q

epidermis

A

outermost layer of cells, absent from apical and root meristems

68
Q

stomata

A

primarily regulates movement of water and gas in and out of the plant

69
Q

secretory tissue - outside plant

A

nectaries, osmophores, digestive glands, adhesive cells

70
Q

secretory tissue - inside the plant

A

resin ducts, mucilage cells, oil chambers, laticifers

71
Q

xylem

A

conducts water and dissolved minerals from roots to all parts of the plant

72
Q

phloem

A

conduct food and metabolites from leaves to stems flowers, fruit, roots and storage organs

73
Q

xylem components

A

tracheids, vessels, fibers

74
Q

phloem

A

sieve cells - no sieve plate, gymnosperms. Sieve plate and companion cells, angiosperms

75
Q

monocots/monocotyledons

A

grasses and grass-like plants

76
Q

dicotyledons/dicots

A

broad-leaved plants

77
Q

cotyledon

A

seed leaves

78
Q

plant organs

A

stems, buds, leaves, roots, flowers, fruit, seed

79
Q

stems

A

vascular tissue, mechanical support

80
Q

transpiration

A

water loss through stomata

81
Q

parallel venation

A

monocots

82
Q

reticulate venation

A

dicots

83
Q

petiole

A

leaf stem

84
Q

stipules

A

thorns and stuff

85
Q

leaf type - compound

A

leaflet, rechis, petiole

86
Q

pinnate reticulate venation

A

normal…

87
Q

palmate reticulate venation

A

maple leaf, etc

88
Q

root dry weight

A

1/4 to 1/3 of total mass

89
Q

whorls

A

parts of flower, carpel stamen petal sepal

90
Q

monocot flower structure

A

floral structure in 3s

91
Q

dicot flower structure

A

in groups of 4s and 5s

92
Q

complete flower

A

all 4 whorls

93
Q

perfect flower

A

stamen and pistil

94
Q

imperfect flower

A

stamen or pistil, pistillate staminate

95
Q

monoecious

A

male and female organs

96
Q

dioecious

A

only male or only female

97
Q

aggregate fruit

A

formed from multiple ovaries on the same flower

98
Q

multiple fruit

A

fruit formed by individual ovaries fused into a single structure

99
Q

fleshy fruit

A

entire pericarp remains soft tissue. Berry, etc

100
Q

semi-fleshy

A

part of pericarp becomes dry - drupe, pome

101
Q

dry fruit

A

entire pericarp dry at maturity - nut, legume

102
Q

pericarp

A

mature ovary

103
Q

seed

A

mature ovule

Horticulture (2 decks)

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